Data, Voice, and Video Convergence on Higher Education Networks Jim Jokl August, 2000

The Traditional Campus Network Model l Telephone service »Manages PBX or Centrex, cable plant »Usually self-funded via chargeback l Data network service »Typically part of computing center »Funding models vary widely l Video services »Often distance learning office »Funding sources?

The Converged Multiservices Campus Network Model l Single data, voice, and video infrastructure service l Implications: »Technical »Organizational »Financial »Staff retention and training

Standard Network Applications l Normal services »Web » »Remote login »File and print services l These applications function well with a best effort network data delivery model

Newer Converged Network Services l Video Streaming l Video Conferencing l Telephony l These applications function best with a guaranteed network data delivery model

Network Capacity for Video

Broadcast Network Video l Applications »Major events & lecture style classes l Infrastructure needs »Low loss, high capacity, multicast l Systems »Real Networks »Windows Media »Many others

On-Demand Network Video l Applications »Case materials, training, time shifting l Infrastructure needs »Low loss & high capacity l Systems »Real Networks »Windows Media »Many others

Videoconferencing l Applications »Seminar style classes »Travel avoidance l Infrastructure needs »Low latency, low loss, high capacity l Systems »NetMeeting »VCON, PolyComm »Many others

Videoconferencing: Multi- point Service l Multi-location sessions l Local and remote sites l Video follows speaker (and not) l Products from Cisco, Radvision, White Pine, many others Video Unit Video Unit Video Unit Video Unit Network MCU

Videoconferencing: ISDN Gateway Service l Access legacy systems l Translates: »H.323 H.320 l Applications: »Interviews »Guest speakers »Negotiations »Collaboration Video Unit Campus Network ISDN Gateway Video Unit Video Unit Remote Systems

Packet Voice: What is different? Traditional Phone SwitchVoice over IP (VoIP) Phone Switch Phone PSTN Campus Network Routers, hubs, switches PSTN Gateway Call Manager

Network Capacity for Packet Voice Services

VoIP Systems: Lots of definitions l PBX VoIP line or trunk card »Call path between IP phones via PBX »Initial releases by Lucent, NEC, others l PBX VoIP line or trunk cards »Call path between IP phones via LAN »Nortel, Siemens, others have systems »Most PBX manufacturers working towards this type of functionality l Major advantage: phone features

VoIP Systems Definitions Continued l LAN-based Systems »Call setup via LAN call processing server »Call path between all peripherals via LAN »Cisco Call Manager »Siemens HiNet Xpress »Others l LAN-based systems generally limited »ACD, console, call center applications

Some VoIP Applications l Toll bypass »Low risk »Potentially limited payback l Telecommuting »Phone # tied to phone - not wall jack »DSL or cable modem connection l On-campus telephone replacement » Converged network - many opportunities and issues to consider

Selected Campus VoIP Issues l E911 »Phone # tied to phone - not wall jack »PC-based soft phones l Electrical power and cooling »Phone instruments »Wiring closet UPS units and cooling l Network security l Privacy l Number plans

SIP and H.323 l H.323 Protocol »ITU protocol l Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) »IETF developed as alternative to H.323 »RFC-2543

Network Technology Support for Converged Applications l Traditional data applications l Voice »Low latency, loss, jitter l Streaming Video »Low loss and high capacity l Videoconferencing »Low latency, loss, jitter »High capacity

A Campus Network Building LAN PC Backbone Network Building LAN PC Video ApplianceServer

Standard Ethernet: Intra-Building Network l Access Mechanism »CSMA/CD l Speed »10 Million bits/sec »1 million chars/sec l Bandwidth shared l Applications » , Web, telnet, directory, printing, file systems, etc A D C B E F

100 Mbps Switched Ethernet Intra-building Network l Speed »100 Million bits/sec »10 million chars/sec l Bandwidth additive l Applications » , Web, telnet, printing, file systems, video, voice, etc l May support Converged Net - even at 10Mbps A D C B E F Network Switch

Network Quality of Service (QoS) l Goal: provide better service for some l Characteristics of QoS »provide guaranteed or priority delivery »minimize delivery delay »minimize delay variations »provide consistent data throughput capacity

QoS: Some Mechanisms l Overbuild the network l RSVP - reserve network capacity »Applications request QoS services »Network says yes/no –Policy –Available resources –Network busy signal »State maintained at each network hop »Relatively complex

QoS: Some Mechanisms l Per-hop mechanisms »Precedence bits in IP TOS byte »Differentiated Services - RFC-2475 –Traffic classified as it enters the network –Per-hop behavior based on classification –All state is in the packet header –Framework for how to cross admin boundaries »Relatively simple

QoS: Some Mechanisms l Layer 2 Mechanisms »802.1Q - VLAN Tagging »802.1p Class of Service field of the 802.1Q tag l Implementation »Queue management »Packet scheduling

Personal Computer IP Phone IP Phones and QoS l IP phone generates 802.1p CoS = 5 and IP precedence = 5 l Switch in phone can clear PC’s QoS header settings l Different VLANs for phone and PC Network Wall Jack Switched

Multicast Support LAN Switch PC Backbone Network Building LAN PC Video Server Hub P1P2P3 P4 PC

Network Reliability What about all of those 9s? l PBX: % uptime »Down 5.25 minutes/year l Is your data network ready to support life safety applications? l Network Management l Redundancy l Response time and coverage

Converged Networks Infrastructure Summary l Consider wiring closet switches with »10/100 Mbps »802.1p and 802.1Q support »IGMP snooping l Support QoS mechanism in network core l Support multicast in network core l Wiring closet UPS power and cooling? l Management for network availability l Different response times and service levels?

Wireless Communication Promise of the future l Convergence » Voice, data, video, applications l Integration l Ubiquitous access l New wireless technologies will address much » but be careful of the hype

Wireless Technology by Coverage Area l Personal Area Networks » 10 cm to 10 meters l Microcellular » 10 meters to 200 meters l Cellular » Large and small cells » Hundreds of meters to miles l Long distance

Personal Communication Services (PCS) l Targeted Services » Cellular telephone users » Paging » Short Messaging Service (SMS) » Nation-wide services » Some technologies: modem-speed data

PCS Technology l Cellular: varies but can be miles l Microcellular within buildings l 1.9 GHz band (licensed) l Digital transmission l Embedded devices: phones, PDAs, etc

PCS Technology l CDMA (Sprint, PrimeCo, Intelos) » Voice, text messaging, paging » Low-speed data » Hospital power levels l TDMA (SunCom, AT&T) » Voice, text messaging, paging » Data harder to handle » High-power hand sets

Wireless LAN Systems IEEE l Targeted Services » Notebook PC users and PDAs » Hard to wire locations » Changing environments » Temporary networks » Campus-wide networks

Wireless LAN Systems IEEE l Technology (now) » Microcellular (250 to1,200 feet) » 2.4 GHz band » Speed: 1 to 11 Mbps » Power: 100 mW » Privacy: inherent and WEP l Technology (future) » 5 GHz » Speed: 6 to 54 Mbps

Wildcard: Bluetooth Personal Area Network l Targeted Services » Wireless headset / speakerphone » Synchronization of PDAs, notebooks, phones » Cable elimination l Speed around 721 kbps + voice l 2.4 GHz band

Wireless Convergence l Data on wireless voice network »Modem-speed data via PCS »Messaging, WAP, PCS »Soon to be much faster l Voice on wireless data network »Symbol »SpectraLink l Opinion: the biggest challenge to LAN- based VoIP - one phone, one number

Organizational Issues l Integrated data, voice, video groups l Departmental LANs vs Enterprise Networks l Staff development and training l Soft VoIP phones and desktop mgmt? l Wireless Interference » Between unlicensed services » Between central and departmental systems

Converged Network Costs l Will vary widely by campus l Consider: » Wiring closet UPS power » Additional wiring closet cooling » Edge 10/100 switches with 802.1p and Q » A new network core » Increase network support - life safety l VoIP » Equipment - not 2x PBX

Financial Models l Converged networks, especially VoIP, break most existing funding models l What to bill for » Wall outlet? » MAC Address? » IP phone or soft phone? » A tax based on headcount or NASF? l Go for broke: central funding?

Summary: Items to consider l Solve organizational issues » Integrate central data, voice, and video staff » Resolve ownership of building LANs » “Ownership” of campus wireless spectrum » Who gets benefits from easements? » Pay special attention to staff l Pay attention to network technology decisions l Find a long term financial model

Summary: Items to consider l Socialize the issues now l Don’t promise to save money » Toll bypass » MAC work » Sell the network on its new services l Make a wireless decision l Upgrade your network » The killer application will come

l Observations, questions, issues?