FBI Malware Overview - EDUs Vincent J. Rowe, Intelligence Analyst Andy Czyzewski, Intelligence Analyst FBI Cyber Division Washington, DC UNCLASSIFIED

Overview FBI’s mission Intelligence initiatives Analysis objectives Cycle of malicious code Case Studies: FooNet, Mytob Implications for universities (“EDUs”) Questions UNCLASSIFIED

FBI’s Priorities 1. Protect the US from terrorist attack. 2. Protect the US against foreign intelligence operations and espionage. 3. Protect the US against cyber-based attacks and high-technology crimes. 4. Combat public corruption at all levels. 5. Protect civil rights. 6. Combat transnational and national criminal organizations and enterprises. 7. Combat major white-collar crime. 8. Combat significant violent crime. 9. Support federal, state, county, municipal, and international partners. 10. Upgrade technology to successfully perform the FBI's mission. UNCLASSIFIED

FBI Cyber Division Mission Stop those behind the most serious computer intrusions and the spread of malicious code Identify and thwart online sexual predators who use the Internet to meet and exploit children and to produce, share, or possess child pornography Counteract operations that target U.S. intellectual property Dismantle national and transnational organized criminal enterprises engaging in Internet fraud. UNCLASSIFIED

Analysis Objectives What is the author’s skill level? What does the code do? What OSs are affected? When was it written? Who wrote the code? What is the purpose? What contacts does the subject have? What type of connection did he make? UNCLASSIFIED

Cycle of Malicious Code UNCLASSIFIED

Harvesting Phase From January to April over 75 pieces of malcode were released into the wild MyDoom (15), Netsky (30), and Beagle (30) Mass mailing worm arrives as attachment Establish listen threads on TCP ports Creates a notification thread that will contact to a remote site Enables the intruder to download and execute arbitrary files Forensic analysis revealed an online war of words between the authors Economic damage was estimated at over 100 billion worldwide Vendors estimated that MyDoom was the most successful (450k compromised) Targeting SCO with a DDoS masked the author’s true intention UNCLASSIFIED

Harnessing Phase The next phase is to herd the victimized systems into a botnet by gaining unauthorized access left behind by the worm infections Backdoor command and control software is then executed on the victimized system from the holes left behind by the worms Allows the intruder to remotely control a compromised system and perform: Download/execute files Deliver system/network info to the author Harvest email address Act as a proxy Host phishing pages UNCLASSIFIED

Execution Phase The victimized boxes are herded into a botnet to launch DDoS attacks DDoS attacks are used extort money out of victim companies to have access to the Internet Botnets can be used as a platform to launch next-generation malware Botnets can be sold to spammers Info resides on the compromised system is stolen and sold to different organized groups Credit card info Social security numbers Banking login ID and passwords Corporate secrets UNCLASSIFIED

Case Study: FooNet In January 2003, an FBI investigation centered around a group of individuals launching DDoS attacks Forensic analysis of victims’ logs lead the FBI to UK subject using an IRC channel hosted by FooNet Individuals from this group launched numerous DDoS attacks, driving victims to FooNet for protection UNCLASSIFIED

Case Study: FooNet (cont) UNCLASSIFIED

Case Study: FooNet (cont) UNCLASSIFIED

Case Study: FooNet (cont) FBIHQ coordinated with New Scotland Yard on the arrest and interview of the UK subject Implicated the owner of a webhosting provider in Columbus, OH UK subject commanded an army of 20,000-50,000 bots SDbot and Agobot UNCLASSIFIED

Case Study: FooNet (cont) Columbus subject owned and operated a web hosting provider in his home, with some legitimate clients On February 14, 2004, “Cyber St. Valentine’s Day Massacre,” the FBI executed a search warrant on FooNet Over 299 systems were seized, the largest takedown in FBI cyber history UNCLASSIFIED

Case Study: FooNet (cont) UNCLASSIFIED

Case Study: FooNet (cont) Through forensic analysis and interviews with the subject, the FBI determined that FooNet administrators hired DDoS henchmen to knock entities off the Internet The group had about 20 members that design, develop, and test code UNCLASSIFIED

Case Study: Mytob Computers affected: CNN, ABC News, The New York Times, the U.S. Senate, the Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, Daimler Chrysler and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and others Writer was paid to create malware Likely profit motive for deployment UNCLASSIFIED

Case Study: Mytob (cont) Cooperation: FBI, law enforcement in Morocco and Turkey, and Microsoft Farid Essebar, 18, a Moroccan national born in Russia who went by the screen moniker "Diabl0" Atilla Ekici, aka "Coder," a 21-year old resident of Turkey Local prosecutions UNCLASSIFIED

Why Universities (EDUs)? EDU networks are targeted in order to carry out further attacks (botnets, host phishing, test malware, etc) Large volume of networked computers Significant Internet presence (“wired”) High bandwidth EDU networks hold large amounts of valuable data (SSNs) that can be trafficked UNCLASSIFIED

EDUs/Law Enforcement Success A university experienced a DDoS attack Administrators and tech professionals gathered information They forwarded the information to their local FBI field office UNCLASSIFIED

EDUs/LE Success (cont) FBI opened an investigation University provided information critical in locating the perpetrator Further investigation revealed that others were involved in the attack Other schools were also victimized Investigation continues UNCLASSIFIED

What Can EDUs Do? Report intrusion incidents to your local FBI field office Participate in your local Infragard chapter Once established, maintain contact with your local FBI cyber personnel Proactive UNCLASSIFIED

Questions? IA Vince Rowe Vincent.Rowe@ic.fbi.gov IA Andy Czyzewski Andrew.CzyzewskiJr@ic.fbi.gov UNCLASSIFIED