Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Managing Your Money

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-3 Unit 4A Taking Control of Your Finances

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-4 Controlling Your Finances Know your bank balance. Never bounce a check or have a debit card rejected. Know what you spend. Keep track of debit and credit card spending. Don’t buy on impulse. Think first; buy only if the purchase makes sense. Make a budget, and don’t overspend it.

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-5 A Four-Step Budget 1.List all monthly income, including a prorated amount for any income not received monthly (such as once-a-year payments). 2.List all monthly expenses, including a prorated amount for expenses that don’t recur monthly. 3.Subtract total expenses from total income to determine your net monthly cash flow. 4.Make adjustments as needed.

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-6 Example: You pay $3500 for tuition, $750 in student fees, and $500 for textbooks each semester. How should you handle these expenses in computing your monthly budget? College Expenses Amount paid over a whole year: Prorated Amount: Put $800 per month into your expense list.

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-7 Find a way to make your budget allow for savings; understand how savings work and how to choose appropriate savings plans. Understand the basic mathematics of loans. Understand how taxes are computed and how they can affect your financial decisions. Understand how the federal budget affects future personal finances. Base Financial Goals on Solid Understanding

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-8 Unit 4B The Power of Compounding

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-9 Definitions The principal in financial formulas is the balance upon which interest is paid. Simple interest is interest paid only on the original principal, and not on any interest added at later dates. Compound interest is interest paid on both the original principal and on all interest that has been added to the original principal.

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-10 A = accumulated balance after Y years P = starting principal APR = annual percentage rate (as a decimal) Y = number of years Compound Interest Formula for Interest Paid Once a Year

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-11 Simple and Compound Interest Compare the growth in a $100 investment for 5 years at 10% simple interest per year and at 10% interest compounded annually. The compound interest account earns $11.05 more than the simple interest account.

4-A Example #1 Your $160,000 home has been discovered to appreciate at a rate of 1.6% per year. What will its value be after 12 years? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-12 P = $160,000 APR = 1.6% or y = 12 A = 160,000 x ( ) 12 A = $193, On your calculator 160,000(1.016)^ 12

4-A Example #2 Your $60,000 BMW has been discovered to depreciate at a rate of 0.5% per year. What will its value be after 7 years? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-13 P = $60,000 APR = –0.5% or –0.005 y = 7 A = 60,000 x (1 – 0.005) 7 On your calculator 60,000(0.995)^ 7 A = $57,931.24

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-14 Definitions Present value is the original principal. Future value is the accumulated amount.

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-15 A = accumulated balance after Y years P = starting principal APR = annual percentage rate (as a decimal) n = number of compounding periods per year Y = number of years Compound Interest Formula for Interest Paid n Times per Year

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-16 Compound Interest Show how quarterly compounding affects a $1000 investment at 8% per year.

4-A Example 3 You deposit $40,000 in an account that pays an Annual Percentage Rate of 3.6% compounded monthly. If you make NO further deposits or withdrawals, how much money will be in the account after 8 1 / 2 years? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-17 P = $40,000 APR = 3.6% or y = 8.5 n = 12 A = 40,000( / 12 ) 12x8.5 On your Calculator 40,000(1.003) ^102 A = $54,292.42

4-A Example 4 Your company buys a $14 million dollar machine. You are allowed to deduct the depreciation at an APR of 2.6% compounded weekly. What will the machine be worth (to the nearest $100,000) after 6 years? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-18 P = $1.4 x 10 6 APR = 2.6% or y = 6 n = 52 A = 1.4E6(1 – / 52 ) 52x6 On your Calculator 1.4E6(0.9995) ^312 A = $12,000,000

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-19 Definition The annual percentage yield (APY) is the actual percentage by which a balance increases in one year. It is sometimes also called the effective yield or simply the yield. APY = relative increase = absolute increase starting principal

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-20 APR vs. APY APR = annual percentage rate APY = annual percentage yield APY = APR if interest is compounded annually APY > APR if interest is compounded more than once a year

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-21 Continuous Compounding Show how different compounding periods affect the APY for an APR of 8%.

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-22 Continuous Compounding

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-23 A = accumulated balance after Y years P = starting principal APR = annual percentage rate (as a decimal) Y = number of years = a special irrational number with a value of Compound Interest Formula for Continuous Compounding

4-A Example 5 You deposit $1000 in the Second State Bank of Wisconsin compounded continuously at an APR or 4%. How much would be in your account after 6 years? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-24 Example P = $1000 APR = 4% or 0.04 y = 6 A = 1000e.04x6 On your Calculator 1000e ^0.24 A = $1,271.25

4-A Example 7 Assume that your ancestors on July 4, 1776 invested $100 in an account that compounded continuously at an APR of 3%. How much money will be in the account as of July 4, 2013? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-25 P = $100 APR = 3% or 0.04 y = 237 A = 100e.03x237 On your Calculator 100e ^7.11 A = $122,414.75

4-A Group Work Assignment p odd, 81, 83 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-26

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-27 Unit 4C Savings Plans and Investments

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-28 A = accumulated savings plan balance PMT = regular payment (deposit) amount APR = annual percentage rate (as a decimal) n = number of payment periods per year Y = number of years Savings Plan Formula (Regular Payments)

4-A Example 7 You establish a savings account that you deposit $50 per bi-monthly paycheck. The account pays 2.4% APR. How much will there be in the account after 5 years? 10 years? Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-29 PMT = $50 APR = 2.4% or y = 5 n = 24 On your Calculator 50((1.001)^125–1)/(0.001) After 5 years A = $6, After 10 years A = $14,193.25

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-30 Definitions An annuity is any series of equal, regular payments. An ordinary annuity is a savings plan in which payments are made at the end of each month. An annuity due is a plan in which payments are made at the beginning of each period. The future value of an annuity is the accumulated amount at some future date. The present value of a savings plan is a lump sum deposit that would give the same end result as regular payments into the plan.

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-31 Total Return Consider an investment that grows from an original principal P to a later accumulated balance A. The total return is the relative change in the investment value:

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-32 Annual Return Consider an investment that grows from an original principal P to a later accumulated balance A in Y years. The annual return is the annual percentage yield (APY) that would give the same overall growth.

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-33 Total Return Example: Suppose that you decided to invest in some real estate property in the year The amount of your original investment is $27,500. In the year 2013 you decide to sell and receive $43,400 for the property. What is your total return percentage?

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-34 Annual Return Example: Suppose that you decided to invest in some real estate property in the year The amount of your original investment is $27,500. In the year 2013 you decide to sell and receive $43,400 for the property. What is your annual return percentage?

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-35 Types of Investments Invest some principal amount to purchase the stock. The only way to get your money out is to sell the stock. Stock prices change with time, so the sale may give you either a gain or a loss on your original investment. Stock (or equity) gives you a share of ownership in a company.

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-36 Types of Investments Buy a bond by paying some principal amount to the issuing government or corporation. The issuer pays you simple interest (as opposed to compound interest). The issuer promises to pay back your principal at some later date. A bond (or debt) represents a promise of future cash.

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-37 Types of Investments Money you deposit into bank accounts Certificates of deposit (CD) U.S. Treasury bills Cash investments generally earn interest and include the following:

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-38 Investment Considerations Liquidity: How difficult is it to take out your money? Risk: Is your investment principal at risk? Return: How much return (total or annual) can you expect on your investment?

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-39 Stock Market Trends

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-40 In general, there are two ways to make money on stocks: Financial Data—Stocks 1.Sell a stock for more than you paid for it, in which case you have a capital gain on the sale of the stock. 2.Make money while you own the stock if the corporation distributes part or all of its profits to stockholders as dividends.

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-41 The Financial Pages

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-42 NYSE Composite Transactions

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-43 Bonds are issued with three main characteristics: Financial Data—Bonds 1.The face value (or par value) is the price you must pay the issuer to buy the bond. 2.The coupon rate of the bond is the simple interest rate that the issuer promises to pay. 3.The maturity date is the date on which the issuer promises to repay the face value of the bond.

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-44 Financial Data—Mutual Funds When comparing mutual funds, the most important factors are the following: 1.The fees charged for investing (not shown on most mutual fund tables) 2.Measures of how well the manager is doing with the fund’s money Note: Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

4-A Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-45 Mutual Fund Quotations

4-A Group Work Assignment P , odd, 37, 39, 44, 47 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 4-46