Submitted to: Dr.Jumaa Alayde Done by: Abeer M. Alsayed Rasha M. Alghossain Reem A. Alawawdah Moamena F. Alnajjar

Introduction Forging is the shaping of metal using localized compressive forces. Forging is often classified according to the temperature at which it is performed: '"cold," "warm," or "hot" forging. The die which used in forging is made of iron steel. Forged parts usually require further processing to achieve a finished part.

Cont. There are many shapes which can be forged in specific stages, Such as forging flower door art and the stair …. which will be talk about later. El-ostathe company one of these companies that specialized in this field.

 FFDA is being forged by open die, which a hammer strikes and deforms the workpiece, which is placed on a stationary anvil. Therefore the operator needs to orient and position the workpiece to get the desired shape.  Sheet metal of this process is wrought iron (very low carbon content) that contains a high percentage of lead and zinc Which makes the metal ductile.

 This process requires two basic stages : 1- cutting 2- forming At cutting stage: Sheet metals pass through the machine that gives the flower contour without details (primary shape). each sheet metal provides a definite number of flower depends on the space between flowers in which will not stuck together.

At forming stage:  Put the cutting part at the specific die.  Make details on it using piston.  The number of strikes enhance the hardness of workpiece.  There are different shapes of dies can be used to get the desired shape.  Lubricants can not be used at this process to get the required part more accurate.  Hydraulic brake presses are the most common method of forming metal.

FS>> is being forged by closed-die, in which work metal is placed in a die resembling a mold, which is attached to the anvil. The hammer is then dropped on the workpiece, causing the metal to flow and fill the die cavities. Excess metal is squeezed out of the die cavities, forming what is referred to as flash.flash

This process requires three basic stages : 1- Stretching 2- Forging 3- Cutting - Sheet metal is being stretched toward the die to avoid cracks and tears. - Sheet metal which used has a thickness of 2mm.

- Forging the stretched part to parabola shape in the closed die with lubricant to reduce friction and wear and to prevent the part from sticking in one of the dies. It is also used to as a thermal barrier to restrict heat transfer from the workpiece to the die. - Cutting the excess metal to obtain the exact final shape. - If there is necessity to improve its hardness, it can be by oils, water and sold or by furnace.

Comments and recommendations: After finishing cutting process, some burrs found at the edges of part. Hexagonal machine used to remove it by sand. There are a lot of scraps of sheet metal that will be eliminated and the cost of it will be added to the price of the final product.

Thank you