2/19 Focus: 2/19 Focus: – During the Tang and Song Dynasties, China was unified, government was efficient, and society was stable Do Now: Do Now: – What did the Mandate of Heaven explain?

Chinese Empires The Tang and Song Dynasties

The Han Dynasty Had ruled China from 206 BC-220 AD Dynasty collapsed and military leaders divided China into rival kingdoms

The Period of Disunion Disorder and warfare in China Nomads invade Northern China and form their own kingdoms – Some adopted parts of Chinese culture Many Chinese in North fled to the South – Culture of North and South blended – Flowering in the arts and philosophy occurs

The Sui Dynasty Northern ruler Wendi unites China in 589 – Ended period of disunion – Worked to centralize government – Restored legal codes

The Sui Dynasty Built the Grand Canal – Connected northern and southern China Increased trade Allowed food from farms in the south to be sent to cities in the north – Forced millions of peasants to work on canal Many workers died Forced labor on public works projects angered peasants

The Sui Dynasty Discontent with Sui rulers led to the decline of the dynasty in 618 – Wendi’s son Emperor Yang Di is assassinated

The Tang Dynasty Tang ruled China from AD – Started by Tang Taizong in 618 Extended the empire into Tibet, Manchuria, Korea, and Vietnam – Tributary states Were independent but had to send tribute to China

The Tang Dynasty Expansion and contact with Japan led to increased foreign trade and economic prosperity

Tang Government Established a strong central government – Government workers were required to pass civil service exams – Schools were built to prepare civil service workers – Established a flexible legal code – Ideals of Confucianism reflected in government

The Age of Buddhism Buddhism had grown during the period of disunion Early Tang rulers supported Buddhism in China – Constructed Buddhist temples – Buddhist missionaries spread Buddhism across Asia

The Age of Buddhism Later Tang rulers saw Buddhism as a threat and began to attack it – Burned Buddhist texts and destroyed temples Weakened Buddhism in China but it would survive – Blended with Taoism and Confucianism

Closure What was the impact of the construction of the Grand Canal on China? How did the Tang create an efficient government?

2/20 Focus: – During the Tang and Song Dynasties, farming and trade flourished – China made great advances in art, literature, architecture, and technology under the rule of the Tang and Song Do Now: – What Chinese philosophy was reflected in the Tang government?

Tang Land Reforms Land was taken from large landowners and redistributed to the peasants – Landowners had less power – increased revenues to the government from taxes on peasants

Decline of Tang Dynasty Reasons for decline in the late 750’s – Military defeats in central Asia – Tax revolts by peasants – Nomadic invasions

The Song Dynasty China entered into a period of disorder after the collapse of the Tang – Lasted for 53 years – “The Period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms” The Song Dynasty reunited China in 960 AD. – Ruled for 3OO years

Tang and Song Social Order Established a strict social order – Gentry Wealthy landowners Some become civil servants – Peasants farmers – Merchants

Status of Women Under the Tang and Song Women were considered inferior to men Foot binding – Goal was to create small feet (“lotus”) by restricting the growth of the foot 3-4 inches long Done between ages 3 -11

Tang and Song Achievements Expanded Trade – Traded with India, Persia, and the Middle East along the silk road – Became expert shipbuilders and became a naval power The Chinese Junk

Tang and Song Achievements Made improvements in farming which increased food productive Fast ripening rice could be harvested 2-3 times a year New methods of farming – Lead to population increases and increased trade

Tang and Song Golden Age China entered a golden age during both the Tang and Song dynasties

Architecture – Pagodas Tang and Song Golden Age

Art – Landscape painting – use of calligraphy Artistic handwriting Tang and Song Golden Age

Song Tang and Song Golden Age Technological Innovations – Moveable type and block printing – Paper Money – Porcelain – Gunpowder – Magnetic Compass

Closure What was the impact of improved farming techniques on China? Identify two advances that were made during the Tang and Song golden age