James Joyce Born in a suburb of Dublin, on February 2nd 1882 In 1888 Clongowes Wood College, a Jesuit school 1893 Belvedere College, a Jesuit school 1898 University College Dublin 1902 Degree in Foreign Languages

James Joyce 1904: met Nora Barnacle (they married in 1931) : they lived in Trieste (from July 1906 to March 1907 in Rome). Joyce contributed to “Il Piccolo della Sera” and met Italo Svevo 1912 – Last journey to Dublin. Joyce never visited Ireland again 1913 – Correspondence with Ezra Pound 1914 – Joyce met Ezra Pound 1915 – Joyce moved to Zurich 1920 – Joyce moved to Paris. Here he met Hemingway, T.S. Eliot, Wyndham Lewis, Sherwood Anderson, F.S. Fitzgerald, Gertrude Stein 1940 – in Zurich again 1941 – Joyce dies in Zurich in 1941

James Joyce: literary career 1900: “Ibsen’s New Drama”, Fortnightly Review : short poems later collected in Chamber Music and prose pieces called “epiphanies”(W.B. Yeats) 1904: A Portrait of the Artist (essay), then turned into the novel 1904: “The Sisters”, Irish Homestead Stephen Hero (ch ) : Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man serialized in “The Egoist” 1914: Dubliners 1918: Exiles 2 February 1922: Ulysses, published in Paris by Shakespeare & Co. 1923: starts writing Finnegans Wake 1934: Ulysses published in the USA 1936: Ulysses published in the UK 1939: Finnegans Wake published in the UK and the USA

Dubliners: historical background 1801: Act of Union: Ireland became part of the extended United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, ruled by a united parliament at Westminster in London 19th and 20th centuries: rise of modern Irish nationalism Charles Stewart Parnell ( ): Irish Parliamentary Party. Campaign for Home Rule: autonomy of Ireland within the union

Dubliners: historical backgound The Act of Union 1801: Beginning of Dublin’s decline in both political and economic terms (highest death rate in the country) “The lack of dynamism from the rural Irish economy and the failure of Dublin businesses to manufacture, and, in some cases, even to distribute the manufactured goods which rural Ireland needed, plus the apparent stagnation of the port in the third quarter of the nineteenth century all meant that Dublin failed to provide adequate employment either for the indigenuous population or even for a small proportion of the surplus populations of rural Ireland” Mary Daly, Dublin, The Deposed Capital: A Social and Economic History , 1984 Dubliners: lower middle class, petit-bourgeois world of shopkeepers and tradesmen, functionaries of one kind or another, clerks, bank officials, salesmen.

Dubliners: historical background 1914: Home Rule Bill passed (with the exclusion of the six counties of Ulster) but suspended for the duration of WW1 1916: Easter Rising 1920: Government of Ireland Act 1922: Irish Free State 1937: New Constitution 1949: Republic of Ireland

Dubliners “I am writing a series of epicleti - ten - for a paper. I have written one. I call the series Dubliners to betray the soul of that hemiplegia or paralysis which many consider a city.” (J. Joyce, Letter to Curran of early 1904)

Dubliners 1904: Joyce publishes “The Sisters”, “Eveline” and “After the Race” in The Irish Homestead : Joyce wrote all the other stories except for “The Dead” (1907) Joyce submitted the volume for publication to Grant Richards in 1905 and 1907, and then to Maunsel & Co., but it was rejected. It was finally published by Grant Richards in 1914

Dubliners “It is not my fault that the odour of ashpits and old weeds and offal hangs round my stories. I seriously believe that you will retard the course of civilization in Ireland by preventing the Irish people from having one good look at themselves in my nicely polished looking- glass” James Joyce, Letter to Grant Richards, 23 June 1906 “My intention was to write a chapter of the moral history of my country and I chose Dublin for the scene because that city seemed to me the centre of paralysis. I have tried to present it to the indifferent public under four aspects: childhood, adolescence, maturity and public life. The stories are arranged in this order. I have written it for the most part in the style of scrupulous meanness and with the conviction that he is a very bold man who dares to alter it in the presentment, still more to deform, whatever he has seen or heard” James Joyce, Letter to Grant Richards, 5 May 1906

Dubliners Childhood: “The Sisters”, “An Encounter”, “Araby” Adolescence: “After the Race”, “The Boarding House”, “Eveline”, “Two Gallants” Maturity: “A Little Cloud”, “Clay”, Counterparts”, “A Painful Case” Public Life: “Ivy Day in the Commitee Room”, “A Mother”, “Grace” “The Dead”

“The Sisters” Basic situation derived from “The Old Watchman”, by Berkeley Campbell, a typical Irish Homestead story Gnomon: the remainder of a parallelogram after removal of a similar parallelogram containing one of its corners. The stylus of a sundial that throws the shadow which indicates the hours of the day Simony: the selling or giving in exchange of a temporal thing for a spiritual thing (i.e. buying of a blessing, purchase of ecclesiastical favour, or of pardons). It originates from Simon Magus in the Acts of Apostles who sought to gain spiritual powers by payment

Epiphany “By an epiphany he meant sudden spiritual manifestation, whether in the vulgarity of speech or gesture or in a memorable phase of the mind itself”, James Joyce, Stephen Hero