Strange Particles from NE X US 3 NEXUS 3 : Consistent treatment of multiple scattering (Basic ideas, baryon production in pp) hep-ph/ Physics Reports 350 (2001) hep-ph/ Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 3506 Fuming Liu Sergej Ostapchenko Tanguy Pierog Klaus Werner Hajo Drescher Michael Hladik Joerg Aichelin Marcus Bleicher SUBATECH, Nantes
Problems with the String Model Approach Particle production in pp scattering via string fragmentation pp ==> 2 strings Strings decay into chains of hadrons Not enough multiplicity fluctuations ==>
Two Pairs of strings In general: n pairs of strings
Probability of n pairs ? Gribov Regge :Pomeron (= pair of strings)... / 2 2
String model -- Gribov-Regge String model: first and subsequent pairs are of different nature Gribov-Regge: all Pomerons are identical String model: energy-momentum is properly shared among strings Gribov-Regge: energy-sharing is not considered inconsistent
And … traditional string models fail badly when it comes to strange baryon production in pp...
The new approach Aim: connecting properly string model and Gribov-Regge Theory … and the parton model Extending work by Gribov, Kaidalov, Capella...
Basic Features Result of a pp collisions: 2 remnants and n Pomerons (all identical) Pomeron = 2 strings Energy-momentum properly shared Same formalism for particle production and probability calculations
Notations Consider parton-parton scattering
Inelastic scattering in pp: Amplitude: Squared amplitude => interference terms: => Symbolic notation remnant
Inelastic scattering in AB: Squaring amplitude sum over many interference terms expressed via cut and uncut elementary diagrams full energy conservation!! (Elastic and inelastic elem. Interactions) remnant Pomerons: multiplicity proportional to number of binary collisions Remnants: multiplicity proportional to participants
Pomeron-Pomeron Interactions Shadowing Saturation Diffraction Screening Increasing mult. fluctuations Solving F 2 - tot puzzle
Hadronization Multiple scattering theory determines how many Pomerons are involved in each nucleon-nucleon interaction and the momenta of each Pomeron. Then: Pomeron strings Strings hadrons
From Pomerons to Strings In the multiple scattering theory a dashed line represents a cut Pomeron The complicated hadronic structure is “hidden” What is the precise structure of a cut Pomeron? Pomeron = 2 strings
1 Pomeron2 Pomerons etc Projectile remnant Target remnant strings Crucial: separation of Pomerons and remnants otherwise completely wrong baryon yields (FM Liu, M Bleicher, J Aichelin, T. Pierog, KW et al) pp scattering: q, q-bar or qq qq-bar (sea quarks)
Baryon ratios in pp at 158 GeV 3 Traditional string models NEXUS: < 1
Antibaryon/baryon ratios at RHIC (pp -1<y<1): NEXUS: data (A.Billmeier,STAR): proton: 0.81 ( ) Lambda: ( ) Xi: 0.95 ( ) Omega: 0.94 ( )
Why does the conventional string model give more antiomegas than omegas? A string end flavor u or d prevents the production of omegas NEXUS : projectile/target flavor is in the remnants not in the strings
Baryon spectra in pp at 158 GeV Data: NA49 Leading particles (mainly from remnants) Theory: NEXUS (FM Liu et al)
Summary Consistent multiple scattering formalism => separation remnants - Pomerons (strings) => antibaryon/baryon ratios R < 1 contrary to conventional string models strings: R = 1 remnants: R < 1