A Chandra view to Exploding Stars SN2014J R. Margutti Harvard nothing

Margutti +13, +14; Kamble +13; Soderberg +06, +10 Energy partitioning SNe are an OPTICAL phenomenon erg OPTICAL erg X-rays/Radio

RADIATION from the REMNANT X-rays from Supernovae Log Time Log Lx < hr SHOCK BREAK OUT (R exploding star) Δt≈ 2ms T≈250 keV E≈ erg Δt≈ hrs T0+5hrs) T≈ X-rays E≈ erg L~10 44 erg/s SHOCK INTERACTION w. COMPANION (R and distance of the companion) Kasen +10 < several hrs SHOCK/JET INTERACTION w. the MEDIUM (mass-loss of the progenitor) > 10 years MASS-LOSS PROGENITORS SOURCE of ENERGY

…BUT…

RADIATION from the REMNANT X-rays from Supernovae Log Time Log Lx < hr < several hrs SHOCK/JET INTERACTION w. the MEDIUM (mass-loss of the progenitor) > 10 years MASS-LOSS SHOCK BREAK OUT (R exploding star) Δt≈ 2ms T≈250 keV E≈ erg Δt≈ hrs T0+5hrs) T≈ X-rays E≈ erg L~10 44 erg/s SHOCK INTERACTION w. COMPANION (R and distance of the companion) Kasen +10 PROGENITORS SOURCE of ENERGY

MASS-LOSS Direct probe of EVOLUTION, Indirect probe of PROGENITORS SOURCE of ENERGY Explosion Mechanism Type Ia SNe, Type Iax, Type Ibc, Type IIb, Strongly interacting SNe, Relativistic SNe, GRB-SNe, Super-Luminous SNe Type Ia Relativistic SNe

The PROBLEM Progenitor System “…The end is where we start from…” The Little Gidding by T. S. Eliot Type Ia SN explosion ?

WD ? Double Degenerate (DD) Single Degenerate (SD) Exploding star HIGH-density environment DIRTY LOW-density environment CLEAN “Traditional” way of thinking

Margutti R≈10 16 cm SD systems with STEADY mass- loss

Margutti +14 Ruled Out

… “It’s black cats in dark rooms”… (S. Firenstein)

Margutti +12; +14

Margutti +14 … “Its black cats in dark rooms… and there may be no cat in the room” (S. Firenstein) Symbiotic systems with stable mass-loss are ruled out

MASS-LOSS Type Ia SOURCE of ENERGY Relativistic SNe Symbiotic systems with stable mass- loss are ruled out TAKE AWAY MESSAGES:

Margutti+14 Radio Rel SNe Faint GRBs In the Radio/optical relativistic SNe looks the same as faint GRBs X-rays Relativistic SNe are an intrinsically different class of explosions

GRB Faint GRB Relativistic SN Fully successful jet break out Barely successful Barely failed There is some good in every person Jet SN

MASS-LOSS Type Ia Symbiotic systems with stable mass- loss are ruled out TAKE AWAY MESSAGES: SOURCE of ENERGY Relativistic SNe Jets might be ubiquitous

X-rays from Supernovae Log Time < few hr> 10 years SHOCK BREAK OUT (R exploding star) SHOCK INTERACTION w. COMPANION (R and distance of the companion) SHOCK/JET INTERACTION w. the MEDIUM (mass-loss of the progenitor) RADIATION from the REMNANT (accreting BH, MAGNETAR) Successful JET PRESENTPAST FUTURE Very early observations (DIFFICULT) Faint (DIFFICULT) RADIATION from the REMNANT in engine driven SNe days Log Lx COOLING ENVELOPE (R envelope) ACCRETION onto the progenitor

SN1994I SN2002ap GRB/SNe “Standard”, envelope stripped SN IbcHydrogen-poor Super Luminous SNe (M<-21) (e.g. Gal-Yam 2012) 7x10 43 erg/s Super-Luminous SNe

MASS-LOSS Type Ia SOURCE of ENERGY Relativistic SNe Symbiotic systems with stable mass- loss are ruled out TAKE AWAY MESSAGES: Jets might be ubiquitous Super-Lum I

X-rays from Supernovae Log Time < few hr > 10 years SHOCK BREAK OUT (R exploding star) SHOCK INTERACTION w. COMPANION (R and distance of the companion) SHOCK/JET INTERACTION w. the MEDIUM (mass-loss of the progenitor) RADIATION from the REMNANT (accreting BH, MAGNETAR) Successful JET PRESENTPAST FUTURE Very early observations (DIFFICULT) Faint (DIFFICULT) RADIATION from the REMNANT in engine driven SNe days Log Lx COOLING ENVELOPE (R envelope) ACCRETION onto the progenitor FUTURE Thanks to the Chandra Team!! MASS-LOSS PROGENITORS SOURCE of ENERGY < hours

BACK UP

There is some good in every person Barely successful jet break out Consistent with hydrodynamical explosion (No need for a jet/engine) Barely failed jet break out Fully successful jet break out Jet SN

Type Ia SN2014J Host Galaxy: M82, D=3.5 Mpc Explosion image Margutti +14 Chandra X-ray images