Chapter 7 Electronic Structure of Atoms

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 7 Electronic Structure of Atoms

Considering only the n = 1 to n = 5 states in the hydrogen atom, which transition will emit the most energy? n = 5 to n = 4 n = 5 to n = 2 n = 3 to n = 1 n = 3 to n = 2 n = 4 to n = 2

Considering only the n = 1 to n = 5 states in the hydrogen atom, which transition will emit the most energy? n = 5 to n = 4 n = 5 to n = 2 n = 3 to n = 1 n = 3 to n = 2 n = 4 to n = 2

Considering only the n = 1 to n = 5 states in the hydrogen atom, which transition will emit the longest wavelength? n = 5 to n = 4 n = 5 to n = 2 n = 3 to n = 1 n = 3 to n = 2 n = 4 to n = 2

Considering only the n = 1 to n = 5 states in the hydrogen atom, which transition will emit the longest wavelength? n = 5 to n = 4 n = 5 to n = 2 n = 3 to n = 1 n = 3 to n = 2 n = 4 to n = 2

What are the valence electrons of vanadium? 4s2 3d3 3d5 4d5

What are the valence electrons of vanadium? 4s2 3d3 3d5 4d5

What are the valence electrons of gallium? 4p1 4s2 3d10 4p1 4s2 3d10 4s2 4p1

What are the valence electrons of gallium? 4p1 4s2 3d10 4p1 4s2 3d10 4s2 4p1

What is the maximum number of orbitals described by the quantum numbers: n = 3 l = 2 1 3 5 8 9

What is the maximum number of orbitals described by the quantum numbers: n = 3 l = 2 1 3 5 8 9

What is the maximum number of electrons described by the quantum numbers: 7 14 16 32 48

What is the maximum number of electrons described by the quantum numbers: 7 14 16 32 48

How many nodal planes does a d orbital have? 1 2 3 4

How many nodal planes does a d orbital have? 1 2 3 4

How many unpaired electrons does selenium have? 2 4 6 8

How many unpaired electrons does selenium have? 2 4 6 8

How many unpaired electrons does chromium have? 2 4 6 8

How many unpaired electrons does chromium have? 2 4 6 8

What is the wavelength for radiation transmitted by WGR, 550 AM (550 kHz)?

Correct Answer: c (3.0 10 ms ) l = = n (5.5 10 s ) 0.545 m  5.45 m 8 ms - 1 ) l = = n (5.5  10 5 s - 1 )

Predict which of the following electronic transitions will produce the longest wavelength spectral line. n = 4 to n = 2 n = 5 to n = 2 n = 5 to n = 3 n = 6 to n = 4

Correct Answer: n = 4 to n = 2 n = 5 to n = 2 n = 5 to n = 3 n = 6 to n = 4 The wavelength increases as frequency decreases. The lowest frequency (longest wavelength) is associated with the lowest energy, and the smallest energy difference here is between n = 6 and n = 4.

Mass of helium 4 ion = 6.6  1027 g. What is the wavelength of a helium4 ion moving in a cyclotron at 1.0% the speed of light? Mass of helium 4 ion = 6.6  1027 g. 3.3  106 m 3.3  108 m 3.3  1011 m 3.3  1014 m

Correct Answer: l = 3.3 10 h (6.63 10 Js) l = = mv (6.6 10 kg)(3.0 10  10 - 34 Js) l = = mv (6.6  10 - 30 kg)(3.0  10 6 ms - 1 ) l = 3.3  10 - 11

Which of the following is not an allowed set of quantum numbers? n = 3, l = 1, ml = 1 n = 3, l = 3, ml =2 n = 4, l = 0, ml = 0 n = 3, l = 1, ml =1

Correct Answer: The value of l can be no larger than n  1. n = 3, l = 1, ml = 1 n = 3, l = 3, ml =2 n = 4, l = 0, ml = 0 n = 3, l = 1, ml =1 The value of l can be no larger than n  1.

How many electrons maximum can exist in the 4d orbital? 2 6 10 14

Correct Answer: 2 6 10 14 There are five 4d orbitals, each of which can contain up to 2 electrons each for a total of 10 maximum.

The electron subshell 3p represents the principal quantum number n = ___ and azimuthal quantum number l = ___. 3; 2 2; 3 3; 1 1; 3

Correct Answer: 3; 2 2; 3 3; 1 1; 3 The principal quantum number n is 3, and a p orbital indicates l = 1.

The maximum number of electrons in an atom that can exist in the 4f subshell and have ml = 1 is 2 7 14 32

Correct Answer: 2 7 14 32 For any value of ml, the maximum number of electrons is 2.

The following orbital diagram represents the electron configuration of which element? Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Neon

Correct Answer: 1s 2s 2p Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Neon

The element with the electronic configuration [Ar]4s13d5 is: Manganese Chromium Magnesium Iron

Correct Answer: Manganese Chromium Magnesium Iron

What is the characteristic outer shell electron configuration of the noble gases? s2p6 s2p5 s2p4 s2p3

Correct Answer: s2p6 s2p5 s2p4 s2p3 Noble gases have completely filled s and p orbitals, hence their lack of reactivity.

Which of the following orbital diagrams obeys Hund’s rule for a ground-state atom?

Correct Answer: 3s 3d 3s 3d 3s 3d