THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON CHAPTER 7 The Adult in Society Life Structure- the combination of statuses, roles activities, goals, values, beliefs and life circumstances that characterize an individual. 1

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Three Stages of Adult Male Development-Daniel Levinson  Early Adulthood – ages Early Adulthood Early Adulthood 1. Early adult transition. 2. Entering the adult world- choosing a career, establishing oneself in society. 3. Age 30 transition. Divorces are common. The first 3 stages are The Novice Phase. 4. Settling Down Period. Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 3 Middle Adulthood Era – ages Midlife Transition-ages. 2.Entering Middle Adulthood 3.Age 50 transition 4.Culmination of Middle Adulthood These stages ate the Middle Adulthood Era. They involve self-examination, reformulation of life goals, perhaps a midlife crisis, realization of one’s own mortality.

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 4 Late Adulthood Transition (Ages Major turning point: 2.Prepare for retirement 3.Physical decline 4.Prepare for death and diminished abilities

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 5 Phases of Adult Female Development Phase 1: Phase 1: Leaving the Family 1. Young women leave home. 2. Break from their parents, and form a life plan. 3. Emphasis on marriage over establishing a career. Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 6 Phase 2: Entering the Adult World 1.Many women, often in their twenties, marry and have children. 2.More than half combine work and motherhood. 3.Others leave work, which limits later job opportunities.

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 7 Phases of Adult Female Development Phase 3: Entering the Adult World Again 1. Many women, often in their early thirties, return to work after their children start school. 2. They then pursue their career goals, similar to men in their twenties.  Moving Back Home Moving Back Home Moving Back Home Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood (continued)

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 8 Changes in the Nature of Work and the Labor Force  Farming and Manufacturing – fell from 85 percent of the U.S. labor force in 1900 to 27 percent in 2000; most work now is in professions, office work, sales, and service jobs  Education – workers’ education level has increased; about 90 percent of workers aged 25 to 64 have high school diplomas; about one third have college degrees Section 2: The World of Work

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 9 Changes in the Nature of Work & the Labor Force  Women – have increased as a percentage of the total labor force; now hold about half of all professional jobs. They now constitute 50% of the workforce.  History of women in the work place History of women in the work place History of women in the work place  Lucy Lucy  Women in work place Women in work place Women in work place  Minorities – have increased as a percentage of the total labor force; in particular Asians and Hispanics, who are the fastest growing group of American workers. Section 2: The World of Work

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 10 Change in the Composition of the Labor Force  Increase in the number of women and minorities in the labor force  Better educated workforce  Changes in the type of work people do  Increase in career changes Section 2: The World of Work

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON  Labor Force- all individuals 16 or older who are employed in paid positions or who are seeking paid employment.  Profession- high-status occupation that requires specialized skills obtained through formal education.  Unemployment- when people do not have jobs but are actively seeking employment.  Unemployment Rate- percentage of the civilian labor force that is unemployed but actively seeking employment. 11

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 12 Life During Late Adulthood  Young-Old – ages 65 to 74; issues related to the adjustment of retirement Young-Old  Middle-Old – ages 75-84; issues related to declining physical and mental functioning, dependency, and death Middle-Old  Old-Old – ages 85+; issues related to declining physical and mental functioning, dependency, and death  Dependency- the shift from being an independent adult to being dependent on others for physical or financial assistance. Section 3: The Later Years

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 13 Gerontology- the scientific study of the processes and phenomena of aging. Ageism- a set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, and values used To justify age-based prejudice and discrimination.

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 14 Baby Boomers A baby boomer is a person who was born during the demographic post-World War II baby boom between the years 1946 and Boomers Retiring in Texas

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 15 New Challenges of Older Americans  Adjustment to retirement  Declining physical and mental functioning  Dealing with dependency and death  Alzheimer’s Disease- organic condition that results in the progressive destruction of brain cells. Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s Disease Section 3: The Later Years

THE STUDY OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS SOCIOLOGY HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 16 National Geographic Taboo- Death Thirty Days- Anti-Aging