Design and Realization of HF Station Prototype James Baskaradas#, Anna Lisa Saverino*, Amerigo Capria*. #INGV, Roma *RaSS - CNIT, Pisa

Overview of the presentation Introduction Technology Overview Tx/Rx Antenna System Transmitter Architecture Receiver Architecture Chirp experiment PSK experiment Conclusion 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

Design and Development of a Robust HF (shortwave) radio link. Aim Design and Development of a Robust HF (shortwave) radio link. Full transceiver; Low power; Remote controlled; Modular and Reconfigurable Main critical aspects 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy Analog 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy ASIC/SOC High resolution TDC 25 ps binning ~5 man years design ~2 man years test and design fix Total design price: ~1 million $ Production cost: 10$/chip Production volume: ~50k chips Total production cost: 500k$ Image from presentation of Dr.,Jorgen Christiansen,CERN 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy Hybrid 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy Tx/RX Antenna System Gain(dBi) Frequency(MHz) < -13 1-2 -13 2 -6 3 -3 5 1 7.5 10 20 -1 >20 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

Transmitter Architecture 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

Transmitter Architecture:USRP Dual 100MS/s, 14-bit ADC; Dual 400MS/s, 16-bit DAC; DDC/DUC with 25mHz resolution; Up to 50MS/s Gigabit Ethernet streaming; Gigabit Ethernet interface to host; Fully coherent MIMO capability. USRP N210 features 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

Transmitter Architecture:USRP 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

Transmitter Architecture: HPA Type Class AB MOSFET Frequency 100kHz-30MHz Rated power 500W Cooling  Forced air, front to rear Mains power 110-240V,50-60Hz,single phase, 500VA/750VA/1.5kVA max 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

Receiver Architecture 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

Receiver Architecture: BPF 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

Receiver Architecture:LNA Model: ZFL-1000LN+ Company: Mini-Circuits Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) Operative Band 0.1 MHz – 1000 MHz Noise Figure 2.9 dB Gain 20dB Output power versus frequency Gain versus frequency 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

Tx/Rx Synchronization 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy SWING Node locations 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy Chirp Experiment : why ? wide band of usable frequency from ionospheric prediction disturbed link channel (ionosphere) Single reconfigurable hardware for : probing the ionosphere (including non-reciprocity* of channel) HF communication terminal 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy Chirp Experiment : How ?     Fine frequency step (0,001Hz) to avoid unwanted noise in the output spectrum 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

Chirp Experiment : Transmitter Transmitter station Frequency sweep 1 MHz – 30MHz Frequency step 0,001Hz scan rate <= 100kHz 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

Chirp Experiment : Receiver -1 Spectrum monitor receiver Chirp receiver Receiver station User Interface of the Spectrum monitor Receiver 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

Chirp Experiment : Receiver -2 User interface of the Chirp Receiver 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

Chirp Experiment : Results -1/2 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

Chirp Experiment : Results -1/2 Transmitter Power 20W Received signal power -95,67dBm 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy 23 23

Chirp Experiment : Results -2/2 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy PSK Experiment Aim Design and Development of a demonstrator for data transmission over HF radio links. Extreme space and time-varying propagation channel; External interference (congestion of the HF band); High background noise level. Experiment Issues 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy PSK Experiment Connection type: point-to-point; Carrier frequency : single; Modulation type: PSK. Simulated Scenario Simulation equipment USRP Hardware; LabVIEW programming language. 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

Transmitter functions PSK Experiment Transmitter functions Receiver functions Convert the message to bits; Rearrange the bit-stream in packets; Apply modulation; Write to USRP for the transmission. Apply demodulation; Check for valid packets and organization in the correct order; Full text reconstruction. 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

PSK Experiment Transmitter/Receiver User Interface Received Message Raw Received Signal USRP IP Address I/Q rate: Specifies the sample rate of the baseband I/Q data for Tx or Rx in samples per second (S/s); Carrier : Carrier frequency in Hz of the RF signal; Gain: Specifies the gain, in dB, applied to the RF signal for Rx and Tx;. TX/RX antenna: Refers to the connectors on the device front panel; Actual TX/RX Parameters Refers to a Tx/Rx values supported by the device. Tx/RX Constellation Graph Specifies the detected symbol locations and the transitions between those symbols; Eb/N0 Specifies the desired Eb/N0 of the output complex waveform in dB; 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

PSK Experiment Transmitter/Receiver Modulation Interface Sets the type of modulation and parameters for a pulse shaping filter. Modulation Type Spectrum with noise Spectrum of transmitted base-band complex waveform with noise Pulse shaping and matched Filters This filter is applied to each symbol to: Reduce the amplitude and phase transition of modulated signal; Reduce Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI); Maximize the SNR 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

PSK Experiment Transmitter Packet Interface Guard Band: Sync Seq: Protects against the filter effect; Sync Seq: Is the sequence for the carrier and clock recovery; Packet Number: Is used to reorder the packets and to detect missing packets; Data : Represents the length of the useful data; Pad Data: Represents the number of the samples appended at the end of the signal in order to have a constant packet size; Constellation Graph: Shows how the detected symbol locations and the transitions between those symbols are modified by the presence of the noise. 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

PSK Experiment Receiver Debug Interface Error out Correct Packet Rx Represents error information Correct Packet Rx Represents the number of the correct received packets Sync Found Checks for valid packet 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

Design and Development of the Conclusion Design and Development of the SWING demonstrator Simulation equipment USRP: SDR implementation; Low cost and extremely flexible solution; LabVIEW: General purpose software for data processing and instruments control. USRP and HF band Good candidate for the implementation of HF communication because it can directly sample the entire HF band. 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy Conclusion Main activities Frequency selection in order to establish the HF link (Chirp experiment): Ionospheric channel; External noise level; Design and Development of a demonstrator for data transmission over HF radio links (PSK experiment): Modulation type: PSK; Single carrier; The functionality of the system has been experimentally demonstrated in a closed-loop configuration. Moreover the effect of additive white Gaussian noise has been evaluated by using a set of different signal to noise ratios. 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy Conclusion Future Developments PSK and Chirp demonstrators : Integration PSK and HF link : Experimental validation Realization of a Fully Automated System: Spectral sensing (low noise, HF band occupancy); Ionospheric monitoring; Optimal frequency selection (chirp system); Data transmission over HF link (PSK system) 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy

SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy THE END Thank you for your attention! Questions? 13/12/2013 SWING Final Meeting | CNIT - Pisa, Italy