Weathering and Soil Formation

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Soil Formation and Composition
Advertisements

Chapter 2: Weathering & Soil.
Unit 1 Lesson 5 Soil Formation
Earth’s Surface Chapter 4 Section 2
Texture Soil texture is determined by the size of the weathered rock particles it contains Sand – 0.05 – 2 mm, feels gritty Does not hold water well.
Dirt on Soil. What is Soil? Soil forms as rock is weathered and mixes with other materials on the surface. Soil forms as rock is weathered and mixes with.
Soil It’s not just DIRT.
How Solid Forms Chapter 2 Section 3 6 th Grade Team.
HOMEWORK Text Book: Read pages Do questions 1-5 on page 266. Review Book: Read pages Do questions on page 85. Write out questions.
Rocks, Weathering, and Soil Information
Soil.
Soil.
The Nature of Soil Essential Question:
Chapter Soil Chapter 12.4 Soil as a Resource
Weathering / Soils Weathering  The process by which natural forces break down rocks  Erosion: The break up and transport.
Chapter 7- Weathering, Erosion and Soil
Soil and Soil Conservation
Section 3: Soil Preview Key Ideas Soil Soil Characteristics
Weathering and Soil Formation
Weathering and Organic Processes from soil
Weathering and Soil Erosion
Welcome to Science 11/21/11 Open your book to page 255 and get your notes out for Ch. 10. Today’s Schedule 1. Review Sections 1 & 2 2. Question of the.
Soils.
Soil is an important natural resource to life on earth!
Formation of Soil Pg. 73.
The Ground Beneath Our Feet. What Makes Up Healthy Soil? Mineral fragments, humus, air, water, and living things – Plant roots, Insects, Worms Humus –
Weathering and Soil Formation
Properties of Soil Grade 4.
Soil, Soil Formation, and Soil Layers
Soil is a mixture of weathered rock particles and other materials.
SOILS & SOIL TYPES. What is soil? Soil is one of the basic resources we need to survive – like air and water. the surface layer of the Earth that contains.
What do plants need to survive? What is soil made of? Organic matter Sand, silt, clay Weathered rocks None of the above All of the above.
Soil Formation and Composition
Earth’s Changing Surface
Weathering and Erosion
SOIL. Soil: is a mixture of weathered rock particles and other materials.
Soil Formation and Composition EQ: How do you scientifically describe soil? How is soil formed?
Weathering and Soil Test Study Guide Ali White Core1.
How Soil Forms.
Chapter 4 Weathering and Soil Formation. Weathering breaks down rocks into smaller pieces 1. Mechanical weathering 2. Chemical weathering Weathering breaks.
Soil Chapter 7, Section 3 & 4. Soil  A loose mixture of rock fragments, organic material, water, and air that can support the growth of vegetation.
Soil. Mechanical and chemical weathering of rocks form soil. Soil covers much of the land on Earth. It is made up of minerals, air, water, and organic.
Soil Formation.
What are we going to learn…  Soil-Why is it important? Why is it important?  What is soil?  Sand, Silt and Clay  What’s a soil profile?  Horizons?
Soils & Soil Formation-The Results of Weathering
 The process by which natural forces break down rocks.  There are two types Mechanical Weathering (Broken Apart) Chemical Weathering (Chemical Reaction.
SOIL PROFILE A vertical strip of soil stretching from the surface down to the bedrock and including all of the successive soil horizons.
Rate of Weathering and Soil Formation Ch. 10, section 2 and 3.
How Soil Forms WEATHERING AND SOIL. Soil is the loose, weathered material on Earth’s surface in which plants can grow. WHAT IS SOIL?
Origins- parent material; mixtures of eroded rock, mineral nutrients, decaying organic matter, and billons of living organisms (mostly decomposers)
Chapter 9: Food Section 9.2: Agriculture and Soil.
Weathering and Soil Formation Soil Composition:  Soil is a mixture of four materials:  Weathered rock particles (Main ingredient) (Main ingredient)
How Is Soil Formed?  Have you ever squished your toes in a muddy garden?
HOW SOIL FORMS 6.E.2.3 Explain how the formation of soil is related to the parent rock type and the environment in which it.
Studying Soil Scientifically. Things plants need in order to grow: 1) Sunlight 2) Water 3) Air 4) Soil with proper nutrients.
Soil Formation and Composition.  I. Soil Formation –A. When bedrock is exposed, it weathers. –B. Particles of rock mix with other material. –C. Soil.
Soil.
Soil Horizon.
Weathering & Soil Erosion
Soil.
Soil Formation Unit 2 lesson 5 Soil Formation
The Ground Beneath Our Feet
Soil Formation and Composition
Soil & Soil Horizons.
The Ground Beneath Our Feet
Soil.
DO NOW Pick up notes and Review #24. Turn in Review #23.
8th Grade: The Dynamic Earth (Module E)
Weathering and Soil Formation
Soil and Soil Profiles.
Presentation transcript:

Weathering and Soil Formation

Soil Composition: Soil is a mixture of four materials: Weathered rock particles (Main ingredient) Organic matter (5 Percent) Water (20 to 30 percent of soil) Air (20 to 30 percent of soil)

Weathering and Organic Processes from soil Water and air make up about 20-30% of a soils volume. 5% comes from organic matter which is remains and wastes of plants, animals, and other living organisms.

Organic Matter The word Organic means, “coming from living organisms.” It comes from the remains and waste products of plants, animals, and other living organisms. (example: leaves fall to the forest floor, decay, and become part of the soil.) This decayed organic matter is called Humus.

Different Soils: Different soils are made of different ingredients and different amounts. (Black soil- which is much darker tends to have more humus, or decayed organic matter.) Black soil- also contains more water. The combination of these two things make darker soil much better for growing things.

Weathering and Organic Processes from soil There are four world soil types 1. Tropical Soils 2. Desert Soils 3. Temperate Soils 4. Arctic Soils

Weathering and Organic Processes from soil Tropical soils from in warm, rainy regions. Heavy rains wash away minerals, leaving only a thin surface layer of Humus. Tropical soils are not suitable for growing most crops.

Weathering and Organic Processes from soil Climate will control what types of soil you find in that area. The shape of the land also affects soil. Mountainous regions can be very different from soils found in valleys. Why?

Weathering and Organic Processes from soil Desert Soils form in dry regions. These soils are shallow and contain little organic matter. With the low rainfall, chemical weathering and soil formation occur very slowly.

Weathering and Organic Processes from soil Temperate soils from in regions with moderate rainfall and temperatures. Some temperate soils are dark colored, rich in organic matter and minerals and good for growing crops.

Weathering and Organic Processes from soil Arctic soils form in cold, dry regions where chemical weathering is slow. They usually don’t have well developed horizons.

Kind of soil depends on many factors The kind of rock in the area The area’s climate or weather pattern The landforms in the area The plant cover in the area The animals and other organisms. Time (how long it has to form.)

Layers Upon Layers Soil Horizon: is a layer of soil with properties that are different from those of the layer above. Soil Profile: in any location there can be different horizons that make up a profile.

Basic Soil Profile Old Al Eats Beans Corn and Rhubarb O Horizon - The top, organic layer of soil, made up mostly of leaf litter and humus A Horizon - The layer called topsoil; is made up of humus mixed with mineral particles. E Horizon - This layer is light in color; It is made up mostly of sand and silt, having lost most of its minerals and clay as water drips through the soil B Horizon - Also called the subsoil - It contains clay and mineral deposits (like iron, aluminum oxides, and calcium carbonate). C Horizon - slightly broken-up bedrock R Horizon - The unweathered rock (bedrock) layer that is beneath all the other layers. Old Al Eats Beans Corn and Rhubarb

Soil Horizons O Horizon - The top, organic layer of soil, made up mostly of leaf litter and humus A Horizon - The layer called topsoil; is made up of humus mixed with mineral particles. (black soil) E Horizon - This layer is light in color; It is made up mostly of sand and silt, having lost most of its minerals and clay as water drips through the soil B Horizon - Also called the subsoil - It contains clay and mineral deposits (like iron, aluminum oxides, and calcium carbonate). C Horizon - slightly broken-up bedrock R Horizon - The unweathered rock (bedrock) layer that is beneath all the other layers.

Properties of Soil Texture: Color: Pore Space: Chemistry:

Soil Texture A soil’s texture Is determined by the size of weathered rock particles. The particles are classified as either Sand- the largest particle, gritty feeling, doesn’t hold water well. Silt – smaller, is smooth and silky when wet, it holds water better than sand. Clay- The smallest, sticky when wet, absorbs the most water. (dries very hard.)

Dirt Knowledge Not all dirt is the same. Based on it's components the suitability for planting can be very different. Things like a very high clay content may mean it holds water very well or if there is too much clay then it could actually create a real problem and not allow any water to pass creating ponding. Too high a sand content can cause the opposite effect It will not hold enough water to support the plant in hot weather or high wind. Silt is an in-between situation in that it's particle size is smaller than sand, it is less plastic than clay and often has a higher organic content associated with it.

Weathering and Organic Processes from soil What are the differences between the two soils, think about how soil is made.

Soil Color The color of the soil is a clue to it’s other properties. Black or brown soils usually contain a lot of humus. Reddish soil usually contains more Iron.

Pore Space Pore space is the space between soil particles. has two things, Air and Water Plants will grow the best when the pore space has 50% air and 50% water.

Soil Chemistry The water in soil has a specific PH level. This term PH is a measurement of acidity. When water reaches a certain PH level, it is best to help plants grow. By knowing this about soil, farmers can make soil more acidic or less acidic to help plants grow.

PH scale and Nutrient availability

Test the two soil’s PH Follow the instructions carefully. In the clear tube, pour 3 ml of the pH indicator solution. Put only a small pinch (1 ml) of soil into the tube. Put the cap on the tube and shake for 30 seconds. Allow the soil to settle and the solution should change colors. Compare the color of the solution to the Ph color chart. How would being about to do this be useful? (summary)

The End