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Lyrical Poetry Definition

Lyrical Poetry ▪ Poetry inspired by or spiced with personal emotion. ▪ A direct record of the feelings of the writer. ▪ The poet speaks in his own voice, not trying to conceal the fact that it was his personal emotions that he was expressing.

Lyrics Sonnets Odes Elegy

Short compositions on any subject, recording an outburst of feeling inspired by something immediate. Expression of feelings in a highly charged language. Structure: they do not conform to any definite pattern. Each writer uses a form which he believes to be best suited to the idea he wishes to express. Lyrics are usually written to be sung. (Sample: To Celia by Ben Jonson) p32

Drink to me only with thine eyes, And I will pledge with mine; Or leave a kiss within the cup And I'll not ask for wine. The thirst that from the soul doth rise Doth ask a drink divine; But might I of Jove's nectar sip, I would not change for thine. I sent thee late a rosy wreath, Not so much honouring thee As giving it a hope that there It could not withered be; But thou thereon didst only breathe, And sent'st it back to me, Since when it grows and smells, I swear, Not of itself but thee!

I heard a thousand blended notes, While in a grove I sat reclined, In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts. Bring sad thoughts to the mind. To her fair works did Nature link The human soul that through me ran; And much it grieved my heart to think What man has made of man. The budding twigs spread out their fan, To catch the breezy air; And I must think, do all I can That there was pleasure there. If this belief from heaven be sent. If such be Nature's holy plan. Have I not reason to lament What man has made of man ?

Sonnets ▪ A form of lyrical poetry with a definite pattern, written following a set of specific rules. ▪ Its origin is traced to an Italian poet of the fourteenth century called Petrarch.

Of SonnetsTwo TypesOf Sonnets Two Types Of Sonnets

Petrarchan Sonnets Shakespearian Sonnets

14 th Century Francesco Petrarca (1304 – 1374) ▪ Petrarch was the first poet to introduce sonnets. ▪ Petrarch's sonnets were admired and imitated throughout Europe and became a model for lyrical poetry. ▪ His sonnets are written in the (Octave-sestet) form.

16 th Century Henry Howard Earl of Surrey Sir Thomas Wyatt ▪ They introduced the sonnets into England. ▪ They slightly changed Petrarch’s form. ▪ They used the Iambic pentameter.

16 th Century ▪ Sonnets reached their peak in popularity during the time of Elizabeth Ι. ▪ Poets produced a collection of sonnets called sequences.

16 th Century ▪ A connected story, where each poet is trying to build on the sonnet written by a previous poet. 1591

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Petrarchan Sonnets Shakespearian Sonnets

14 lines divided into a group of 8 lines (Octave) and a group of 6 lines (sestet).

When I consider how my light is spent, Ere half my days, in this dark world and wide, And that one talent which is death to hide. Lodged with me useless, though my soul more bent To serve therewith my Maker, and present My true account, lest he returning chide, 'Doth God exact day -labour, light denied ?' I fondly ask.But patience, to prevent That murmur, soon replies: God doth not need Either man's work or his own gifts; who best Bear his mild yoke, they serve him best. His state Is kingly: thousands at his bidding speed, And post 0' er land and ocean without rest: They also serve who only stand and wait. Octave Sestet

The best known among the poets who preferred to stick to the original Petrarchan form is John Milton.

14 lines divided into 3 groups each has 4 lines (Quatrain) and a Couplet at the end

When in disgrace with tortune and men's eyes I all alone beweep my outcast state, And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries, And look upon myself -and curse my fate. For thy sweet love remembered such wealth brings That then I scorn to change my state with kings Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising, Happily I think on thee, and then my state, Like to the lark at break of day arising From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate; Wishing me like to one more rich in hope, Featured like him,like him with friends possesses Desiring this man's art,and that man's scope With what I most enjoy contented least; Quatrain Couplet Unity of Theme

▪ Iambic pentameter is a meter used in Shakespearian sonnets. ▪ It is a line made up of five pairs (feet) of short/long, or unstressed/stressed, syllables. To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells × / /// / × × × ×