Unit Objectives  Identify the characteristics of the Southern Woman in the early twentieth century  Analyze character growth exhibited by both Scout & Jim  Discuss the relationship of Atticus with his children  Explain Harper Lee’s themes of racism, loss of innocence and deceptive appearances  Explain the concept of the absent character

Unit Objectives Cont.  Analyze Atticus's character and what he represents  Describe the impact of social class on characters’ attitudes and actions  Explain Lee’s use of humor, suspense, and allusions as literary techniques  Identify an define the literary devices that Lee uses such as similes, metaphors, and idioms

Meet the Author  Harper Lee modeled the character of Scout after herself.  She was born in Monroeville, AL in  Lee’s father was also a small town lawyer.  The Scottsboro Boys – In April 1931, in Scottsboro, AL, nine African-American men were tried for raping two white women.  The all-white jury convicted the men and sentenced them to death.  Harper was 6 years old and had an impact on her.

Famous Childhood Friend  Lee’s close childhood friend was the famous author Truman Capote.  They spent summers playing together.  Capote was the model for Lee’s character, Dill in To Kill a Mockingbird.

Southern Social Structure of the Early 1900’s  Upper Class – doctors, lawyers, plantation owners, and business professionals  Middle Class – small farmers, and small-town business owners  Lower Class – African-American farmers and unskilled laborers, such as mill workers  The Great Depression – 1930’s – Between , farm prices fell over 50%, and the average income in 1929 was $750, but farm income was $275.

Sharecroppers & Landowners  The white people owned acres of land but had very little cash.  African –American farmers worked as sharecroppers.  The landowner divided land into shares and provided small houses, tools, and seeds.  Some also fed, clothed, and provided medical care for the sharecropper families.  The landowners received a part of the profits.

Southern Heritage The Appearance of money of comfort was more important than the the lack of it. Lack of money could not be the differentiating factor The use of Southern ancestry as a differentiating factor

Racism in the South  Most significant issue of the South during the 1930’s was segregation.  Subtle interpretations of laws helped to keep African-Americans immersed in poverty.  Mill jobs were reserved for whites  Rules for lending money favored suburban areas  Southern States circumvented the Fifteenth Amendment  Stringent voter registrations requirements such as literacy tests and poll taxes

Racism in the South  Consequence for testing authority - LYNCHING  Murderers would not even stand trial for this crime.  Tar and feathering  Hanging from a tree until dead  The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was founded by the Confederate army vets to oppose changes that occurred during Reconstruction.  KKK used lynching as a means of intimidation.

The Scottsboro Boys  In 1931, five African-American teenage boys were falsely accused of raping two white girls on a train from Chattanooga to Memphis.  The teens were sentenced to terms ranging from 75 to 99 years in prison with several receiving the death penalty.  The US Supreme Court overturned the verdicts – twice.  Once because the defendants were given inadequate counsel  The grand juries did not have any African-Americans on them  The youths were retried in Alabama. One woman recanted. The boys were found guilty.  The state finally dropped the charges in 1937.

Civil Rights Movement  TKAM was published in 1960 and was a bestseller for over a year and a half.  The 1960’s was a time of turbulent civil protest in the this country.  Alabama was a predominantly segregated state.  1954 – Brown vs. Board of Ed.  1955 – Rosa Parks & the Montgomery Bus Boycott  1956 – first African-American woman admitted to University of Alabama

Civil Rights Movement  Harper Lee won the Pulitzer Prize in  Over 15 million copies of the book were sold in the early years  Critics hail TKAM as an accurate portrayal of racist discrimination in the South.  Considered quite controversial in school settings