Limites divergentes: continentales y oceanicos. Zonas de fractura oceanicas y fallas transformantes. Ofiolitas y basaltos.

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Presentation transcript:

Limites divergentes: continentales y oceanicos. Zonas de fractura oceanicas y fallas transformantes. Ofiolitas y basaltos

Zona de ruptura de los principales sismos de subducción en México

Cinemática de la ruptura: mecanismos focales

Ejemplos de inversión de la forma de onda para determinar el mecanismo focal

Tomografía sísmica

Mapa del estado de esfuerzo en la litósfera (World Stress Map Project

Tectonica de Placas -Tipos de placas y sus fronteras -- Limites divergentes: continentales y oceanicos. --Zonas de fractura oceanicas y fallas transformantes. ---Ofiolitas y basaltos -- Limites convergentes: zonas de subduccion. Prismas de acrecion, arcos magmaticos.

Ophiolites are pieces of oceanic plate that have been thrusted (obducted) onto the edge of continental plates. They provide models for processes at mid-ocean ridges. Ophiolites are an assemblage of mafic and ultramafic lavas and hypabyssal rocks found in association with sedimentary rocks like greywackes and cherts. They are found in areas that have complex structure. Cross-sections simplified from R.C. Coleman, 1981, Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 86, p Ophiolites have been found in Cyprus, New Guinea, Newfoundland, California, and Oman. The Samail ophiolite in southeastern Oman has probably been studied in the greatest detail. The rocks probably formed in the Cretaceous not far from the what is now the Persian Gulf. The rocks were later thrust (pushed uphill at a low angle) westward onto the Arabian shield.

Convergent boundaries

Collision Subduction