Weathering and Erosion

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Presentation transcript:

Weathering and Erosion Chapter 3

Essential Questions What processes break down rock? What processes wear down and build up rock? What causes weathering? How fast does weathering occur?

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The process that breaks down rock and other substances. Weathering The process that breaks down rock and other substances. Rate of Weathering Increases

Physical Weathering Process by which rocks are physically broken down into smaller pieces .

Animal Actions Freezing and Thawing Plant Growth Release of Pressure Physical Weathering 5 Types of Physical Weathering Animal Actions Freezing and Thawing Plant Growth Release of Pressure Abrasion

Animals and insects loosen and break apart rocks in the soil. Animal Actions Animals and insects loosen and break apart rocks in the soil.

Freezing And Thawing When water freezes in a crack of a rock it expands and makes the crack bigger.

Freezing And Thawing

Plant Growth Plant roots enter cracks in rocks and as they grow force the cracks apart.

Plant Growth

Release of Pressure As erosion moves material from the surface of a rock, pressure on the rock is reduced. This release of pressure causes it to crack and flake off like the layers of an onion.

Abrasion Sand and other rock particles that are carried by wind, water, or ice can wear away exposed rock surfaces like sandpaper on wood.

Abrasion

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Review: Physical Weathering Animals and insects loosen and break apart rocks in the soil. When water freezes in a crack of a rock it expands and makes the crack bigger. Plant roots enter cracks in rocks and as they grow force the cracks apart. As erosion moves material from the surface of a rock, pressure on the rock is reduced. This release of pressure causes it to crack and flake off like the layers of an onion. Sand and other rock particles that are carried by wind, water, or ice can wear away exposed rock surfaces like sandpaper on wood. Animal Actions Freezing & Thawing Plant Growth Release of Pressure Abrasion

Chemical Weathering The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.

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Chemical Weathering Water Oxygen Carbon dioxide Living organisms The 5 agents of chemical weathering Water Oxygen Carbon dioxide Living organisms Acid rain

Water Water weathers rock by dissolving it.

Oxygen Iron combines with oxygen in the presence of water in a processes called oxidation The product of oxidation is rust, making rocks soft and crumbly.

Carbon Dioxide CO2 dissolves in rain water and creates carbonic acid Carbonic acid easily weathers limestone and marble. Sink holes

Carbon Dioxide Alabama The Great Blue Hole: Belize Arizona

Living Organisms As plant roots grow they produce weak acids. that dissolve the rock around the roots. Lichens that grow on rocks also produce weak acids.

Acid Rain Compounds from burning coal, oil and gas react chemically with water forming acids. Acid mixes with raindrops and cause very rapid chemical weathering of rock.

Review: Chemical Weathering Water weathers rock by dissolving it. Iron combines with oxygen in the presence of water in a processes called oxidation or rust, making rocks soft and crumbly. CO2 dissolves in rain water and creates carbonic acid which easily weathers limestone and marble. As plant roots grow they produce weak acids. that dissolve the rock around the roots. Lichens that grow on rocks also produce weak acids. Compounds from burning coal, oil and gas react chemically with water forming acids. Acid mixes with raindrops and cause very rapid chemical weathering of rock. Water Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Living Organisms Acid Rain

How Fast Does Weathering Occur? The 2 most important factors that determine the rate at which weathering occurs are the: 1. Type of rock (what a rock is made of) – Certain rocks and minerals are naturally weaker than others, while others are more resistant (stronger). 2. The climate - Warmer, moister climates have the most weathering. Heat & Water speed up all chemical reactions. This is the most important factor in weathering.

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Home Learning Complete Lesson 2 Assess Your Understandings Review & Assessment #1-10 Page 111 *BRING FLASHDRIVE 12/5 Gizmo #8 Dec. 11th Vocabulary Quiz Dec. 12th Edible Landform Dec. 13th Fairchild Challenge Dec. 18th Science in the News Dec. 20th