RDA Training: Topic 3: Relationships For Ohio State University Libraries May 2012 Prepared by the RDA Training Team Based on LC Documentations with Modificati Based on LC Documentations with Modifications

Why Relationships? RDA about RECORDING ATTRIBUTES of (i.e., identifying) works, expressions, persons, families, corporate bodies BUT ALSO ABOUT Making connections between them = RECORDING RELATIONSHIPS RDA about RECORDING ATTRIBUTES of (i.e., identifying) works, expressions, persons, families, corporate bodies BUT ALSO ABOUT Making connections between them = RECORDING RELATIONSHIPS

What Are Relationships? links In FRBR and RDA, relationships are the links we make between one entity and another. They assist users in navigating the bibliographic universe represented in our catalogs. In RDA, you record a relationship whenever you:  Add access points for creators (authors, editors, annotators, illustrators, etc.)  Add an access point for a related work (e.g., succeeding or preceding title of a serial, adaptation, supplement, sequel, part of a larger work) or expression (revised version, translation, etc.)  Add the succeeding name of a corporate body in a 510 field in an authority record, or a 500 for the pseudonym of a personal name in an authority record (if you do authority work)  Add subject headings to records (not addressed today)

Where do we Record Relationships?  Mostly in the bibliographic record: Through access points associated with work, expression, manifestation, and items and/or Through access points or structured and unstructured descriptions for related works, expressions, manifestations and items  Sometimes relationships are recorded in authority records (related persons and corporate bodies).

Review of FRBR FRBR FRBR: The Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records entity-relationship model conceptual model of the bibliographic universe uses entity-relationship model for databases Entities Attributes Relationships Key objects of The data we record Entities have Interest to users about entities relationships with each other One Entity Another Entity Relationship

FRBR Entities, Attributes, Relationships ENTITIES ENTITIES: 1.Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item 2.Person, Family, Corporate Body 3.Concept, Object, Event, Place Note: Group 1 & 2 entities can also be group three entities because they can be subjects of works. ATTRIBUTES ATTRIBUTES: (examples) Work: title, form, dates, etc. Manifestation: title, state of responsibility, edition designation, etc. Person: name, dates, title, etc. Corporate body: name, number, date, etc. RELATIONSHIPS RELATIONSHIPS: (examples) Person creates work, work has a subject, work continues another work (is a succeeding work), etc.

Group 1 Entities: Primary Relationships Work: a distinct intellectual or artistic creation Expression: the intellectual or artistic realization of a work in some form (e.g. alpha-numeric, musical notation) Manifestation: the physical embodiment of an expression (e.g. a print publication) Item: a copy of a manifestation Work: Dracula created in 1887 by the Irish author Bram Stoker Expression: Dracula by Bram Stoker published as a novel in English, (perhaps also containing critical/historical essays and annotations particular to an individual expression) Manifestation: Dracula published in 1997 by Norton as part of its Critical Editions Series, ISBN Item: Copy 1 of this manifestation owned by the OSU Libraries, shelved in Thompson Stacks, call number PR6037.T617 D realized in embodied in exemplified by

Expression 1 Text—English Expression 1 Text—English Expression 2 Text—German Expression 3 Spoken word performance in French Expression 3 Spoken word performance in French Manifestation 1 London: Bloomsbury, 1997 Manifestation 1 London: Bloomsbury, 1997 Manifestation 2 New York: Levine, 1998 Manifestation 2 New York: Levine, 1998 Manifestation 1 Hamburg: Carlsen, 1998 Manifestation 1 Hamburg: Carlsen, 1998 Manifestation 1 Paris: Gallimard Jeunesse, Manifestation 1 Paris: Gallimard Jeunesse, Item 1 OSU Libraries copy 1 Item 1 OSU Libraries copy 1 Item 2 OSU Sp. Coll. autographed copy Item 2 OSU Sp. Coll. autographed copy Work Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone by J.K. Rowling

FRBR Relationships in RDA: 6 Types Relationship Between:  Work and expression through which that work is realized  Relationship between expression of work and manifestation that embodies that expression  Relationship between a manifestation and item that exemplifies that manifestation 1. Primary Relationships Work Expression Manifestation Item Is realized through Is embodied in Is exemplified by

FRBR Relationships in RDA: 6 Types 2.Responsibility Relationships Persons Families Corporate Bodies Persons Families Corporate Bodies Work Expression Manifestation Item create edit, translate, etc. publish, distribute, etc. annotate, own, etc.

3. Relationships between Persons, Families, and Corporate Bodies (more on authority relationships later) Pseudonym Predecessor, Successor  Bachman, Richard is really King, Stephen, $d As indicated in the authority records for both names (AACRII): 500 1_ $i alternate identity: $a Bachman, Richard $w r 500 1_ $i real identity: $a King, Stephen, $d $w r  Ohio State University is the successor to the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College  Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux. $b Ballet is also called Ballet Theatre of Bordeaux and Ballet de l'Opéra de Bordeaux and Ballet-Théâtre de Bordeaux and Ballet de Bordeaux Examples: Corporate Body Person

4. Relationships Between Related Works, Expressions, Manifestations, and/or Items Relationships between designated instances of entities  Between one work and another related work  Between two expressions of the same work  Between one manifestation and another (e.g., reproduction and manifestation that was reproduced)  Between two items (e.g., two items bound together by a particular library)

Work to work relationship Examples: Work to expression relationship, expression to expression relationship Work to expression relationship, expression to manifestation relationship, manifestation to manifestation relationship

5 and 6. Subject relationships and Relationships between subjects (These types of relationships will be covered in more depth at a later date.) has subject: Work, expression, manifestation, item, person, corporate body, concept, object, event, place See also topic, form topic, broader topic, narrower topic Work Subject

Core RDA Relationships Core LC Relationships These create basic level of relationship elements in bibliographic records

How to Find LC CORE Elements and Other Library of Congress Policy Statements (LCPS)… Also see: at the Library of Congress’s RDA page:

How Do We Represent Relationships in RDA? 3 Methods Identifier Description Authorized Access Point

Identifiers Identifier = A character string (usually numeric) that identifies an item, (e.g., ISSN/ISBN number, authority record number, URI, etc.). Per LC policy, the identifier can not be used alone to establish a relationship. Examples: ISBN: ISSN: LCCN: But never URLs. URLs are not considered to be identifiers and can not be used as such in developing relationships.

Description NOT  Description: Can be either unstructured or structured. Descriptive relationships can be used with related works, expressions, manifestations, or items, but NOT for personal names, families, or corporate bodies.

Structured I. A note that uses ISBD punctuation to identify the elements can describe relationships. Example: 500 Reprint of: The Stones of Florence / Mary McCarthy – New York : Harcourt Brace, Reprint of: The Stones of Florence / Mary McCarthy – New York : Harcourt Brace, II. Linking fields establish relationships. Example:

Unstructured  A full or partial description of the related resource can be written as a sentence or paragraph. For example:

Authorized Access Points Authorized Access Points representing related entities Examples: 700 1_ Strayer, David S. $q (David Sheldon), $d $e editor _ Bond, Felicia, $e illustrator _ Ford, Harrison, $d $e actor _ Scorsese, Martin, $e director _ Watson, Burton, $d $e translator.

Relationship Designators Relationship designators indicate the nature of the relationship between the entities represented by authorized access points. Relationship designators are available in RDA Appendices I-L. They are not CORE elements. Examples: Hulse, Michael, $d $e translator $i Motion picture adaptation of (work): $a Shaw, Bernard, $t Pygmalion.

Note: If MARC coding describes the relationship, then relationship designators are not necessary. Example: The serial “Botany” continues the serial “Canadian journal of botany”. 780 __ Canadian journal of botany $x $w (OCoLC) $w (DLC)cn In this case, we do not need the relationship designator “continues (work)” because the MARC 780 field (for preceding entry) inherently describes the relationship. Relationship Designators and MARC Coding

RDA CORE and LC CORE Relationships  Primary relationships (RDA Section 5; Chapter 17)  Relationships to Persons, Families, and Corporate Bodies Associated with a Resource (RDA Section 6; Chapters 18-22)  Relationships between Works, Expressions, Manifestations, and Items (RDA Section 8; Chapters 18-22)  Relationships between Persons, Families, and Corporate Bodies (RDA Section 9; Chapters 29-32)  NOT COVERED : Concepts, Objects, Events, & Places (Why? RDA Section 7 is not finished!). Recording Relationships between Concepts, Objects, Events, & Places (Why? RDA Section 10 is not finished!)

Primary Relationships Relationships between a Work, Expression, Manifestation, and Item (RDA Chapter 17) Definition: The relationships between a work, expression, manifestation, and item. Two CORE Elements  Work manifested = Work embodied in a manifestation (RDA 17.8)  Expression manifested = Expression embodied in a manifestation (RDA 17.10) (CORE if there’s more than one expression of the work manifested)  When dealing with compilations use RDA 17.8 and instructions. The authorized access point that represents the work/expression in your 1xx/2xx fields covers these elements. It is not possible to give them separately in a MARC record.

How to Record Relationships  Use identifiers for work, expression, manifestation, or item.  Create authorized access points representing work or expression.

Single Work: Work Manifested Example: Single Work manifested in: Joan Didion’s The Year of Magical Thinking 100 1_ Didion, Joan The year of magical thinking _ Didion, Joan The year of magical thinking. The authorized access point representing work in the bibliographic record takes care of this element

Compilation of Works  If more than one work is embodied in the manifestation, only the predominant or first-named work is required.  Give the analytical authorized point for the predominant or first work in the compilation when it represents a substantial part of the resource. Other access points are cataloger’s judgment.

Compilation of Works Example: Compilation of two works in one manifestation: Philip Lopate’s Two Marriages 100 1_ Lopate, Phillip, $d Novellas. $k Selections Two marriages : $b novellas / $c Phillip Lopate _The stoic’s marriage – Eleanor, or, The second marriage Lopate, Phillip, $d $t Stoic’s marriage Lopate, Phillip, $d $t Eleanor. Note: Only the first analytical access point is required, the second is provided per cataloger’s judgment. A 505 note further defines the content. Work manifested

Compilation of Expressions  Expression manifested is a core element if there is more than one expression of the work manifested. If more than one expression is embodied in the manifestation, only the predominant or first-named expression is required. Additional access points for expression are added per cataloger’s judgment (RDA 17.10).

Compilation of Expressions Example: Two expressions manifested in the same work 041 1_ eng $a ita $h ita 100 1_ Campiglia, Maddalena, $d Flori, a pastoral drama / $c … 250__ A bilingual edition. 546 __ English and Italian Campiglia, Maddalena, $d $t Flori. $l Italian Campiglia, Maddalena, $d $t Flori. $l English LC: Give analytical authorized access point for predominant or first expression in the compilation when it represents a substantial part of the resource. Other access points are cataloger’s judgment.

Relationships to Persons, Families, and Corporate Bodies Associated with a Resource (Works, Expressions, Manifestations, Items)— RDA Chapters  Associated with work  Associated with work  Examples: creators, film directors, producers, sponsoring bodies  Associated with expression  Associated with expression  Examples: editors, translators, illustrators, performers  Associated with manifestation  Associated with manifestation  Examples: producers, publishers, distributors, manufacturers  Associated with item  Associated with item  Examples: binders, inscribers, autographers, annotators

How to Record Relationships  Use identifiers for persons, families, or corporate bodies  Create authorized access points for persons, families, or corporate bodies Work Item Expression Manifestation

Core Elements: Relationships to Persons, Families, and Corporate Bodies Associated with a Resource  Only two core relationship elements: creator (RDA 19.2) and other person, family, corporate body associated with work (RDA 19.3).  “If there is more than one creator responsible for the work, only the creator having principal responsibility named first in resources embodying the work or in reference sources is required. If principal responsibility is not indicated, only the first creator is required.” (LCPS 19.2)  After satisfying core requirements, other access points are cataloger’s judgment. (LCPS 19.2)

Core Elements: Relationships to Persons, Families, and Corporate Bodies Associated with a Resource Example: (note: the rule of three no longer applies). Only one creator is core, the rest are added per Cataloger’s Judgment.

Core Elements: Relationships to Persons, Families, and Corporate Bodies Associated with a Resource –LC Core  A contributor is a person, family, or corporate body contributing to the realization of a work through an expression (LCPS 20.2)  Contributors include editors, translators, arrangers of music, performers, and others. (LCPS 20.2)  Contributor is a core element for LC for illustrators of resources intended for children and for translators (LCPS 20.2) Examples: 700 1_ Bell, Anthea, $e translator700 1_ Ax, Emanuel $d $e performer 700 1_ Rubel, Nicole, $e illustrator 700 1_ Menges, Achim, $e editor  (Contributor relationship designators are listed in RDA appendix I) Contributor

Relationships between Works, Expressions, Manifestations, and Items – RDA Chapter  Related works   Related works  Examples: adaptations, paraphrases, remakes of, contained in, preceded by, continues in part  Related expressions   Related expressions  Examples: revised version, translation, abridgement  Related manifestations   Related manifestations  Examples: reprints, reproductions, special issues of, different formats for the same expression (e.g., book and CD-ROM)  Related items   Related items  Example: an item used as the basis for a microform reproduction

How to Record Relationships  Identifier  Identifier for related work, expression, manifestation, or item (e.g., ISSN, ISBN, URI, etc.)  Description  Description of related work, expression, manifestation, or item (e.g., notes in 500 field or linking field)  Authorized access point  Authorized access point representing the related work or expression

LC Core Elements (Relationships)  Related work a. Compilations—whole-part relationships (LCPS 25.1) b. Serial relationships (continues, continued by, etc.) (LCPS 25.1)  Related expression a. Compilations—whole-part relationships (LCPS 26.1) b. Serial relationships (continues, continued by, etc.)(LCPS 26.1)  Related manifestation a. Reproductions (LCPS 27.1)  Related items a. Reproductions (LCPS 28.1)

Related Works: Compilation of Works The 2 nd MARC indicator “2” (item contains work) indicates relationship; otherwise, use the “contains (work)” relationship designator. Two novels about adolescence contains: The red pony by John Steinbeck The catcher in the rye by J.D. Salinger Two novels about adolescence contains: The red pony by John Steinbeck The catcher in the rye by J.D. Salinger

Relationship Designators  See RDA appendix J for lists of relationship designators for works, expressions, manifestations and items (controlled vocabulary)  Relationship designators can be reciprocal Example: motion picture screenplay (work) (A work that provides the text for a motion picture) screenplay for the motion picture (work) (A work that uses the text as a screenplay for a motion picture)

Relationship Designators Examples: $i Parody of (work) : $a Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), $d 1892–1973. $t Lord of the rings $i Guide to (work) : $a Fischer, Louis, $d 1924– $t Teachers and the law $i Libretto for (expression) : $a Weill, Kurt, $d 1900– $t Dreigroschenoper. $l English

Related Expressions: Compilation of Expressions Example: 041 __ eng $h spa Two Spanish picaresque novels / $c translated from the Spanish by Michael Alpert 505 _0 Lazarillo de Tormes – The swindler / Francisco de Quevedo Quevedo, Francisco de, $d $t Historia de la vida del Buscón. $l English Lazarillo de Tormes. $l English. (note: Lazarillo de Tormes is anonymous and so is entered in a 730 preferred title field. Also, because it is the second entry, it is an optional authorized access point per RDA 17.10) The second MARC field indicator “2” describes relationships and so no further designator is needed. Otherwise, use the designator “contains (expression)”.

Related Works: Serial Relationships Example: Canadian journal of botany = $b Journal canadien de botanique $t Canadian journal of research. Section C, Botanical sciences $x $w (DLC) $w (OCoLC) $t Botany $x $w (DLC) $w (OCoLC) MARC coding  RDA relationship “continues” MARC coding  RDA relationship “continued by” No need for RDA relationship designators. MARC coding  RDA relationship “continues” MARC coding  RDA relationship “continued by” No need for RDA relationship designators. Note that identifiers are used here but are part of a structured description—They are NOT used alone!

Related Expressions: Serial Relationships Example: 210 0_ OECD econ. stud. 222 _0 OECD economic studies OECD economic studies. 580__ Issued also in French under title: Revue économique de l'OECD reciprocal 580  An example of unstructured description establishing a relationship to another language expression. A reciprocal 580 note would need to be given on the record for the French expression establishing a relationship to the English expression

Related Manifestations  Related manifestation is an LC core element for reproductions  Reproduction = “all resources formerly identified as reproductions, republications, reprints, reissues, facsimiles, etc., that still represent equivalent content between an original resource and a reproduction of that original. Revised editions represent different expressions and are not treated as reproductions.”

Related Items  Related item is a core LC element for reproductions when it is important to identify the specific item that was reproduced. How to record:  Identifier  Structured or unstructured description (NOT an authorized access point)

Related Manifestation: Reproductions 100 1_ Lightner, Adna H., $e author A wayside violet / $c by Adna H. Lightner. 260 __Woodbridge, Conn. : $b Research Publications, $c __ 1 microfilm reel (125 pages) ; $c 35 mm $i Reproduction of (manifestation): $a Lightner, Adna H. $t Wayside violet $d Cincinnati : Wrightson, 1885 $h 125 pages; 18 cm. $w (DLC) Travel and travellers of the Middle Ages / $c edited by Arthur Percival Newton. 260 __ London : $b Kegan Paul, $c __ vi, 223 pages : $b illustrations ; $c 25 cm _ Kegan Paul history of civilization series $i Reproduction of (manifestation): $t Travel and travellers in the Middle Ages $d London : K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Company, 1926 $h 225 pages ; 24 cm. $w (DLC) Carrier of reproduction is not the same as carrier of original: use MARC 776 Carrier of reproduction same as original: use MARC 775

Related Item: Reproductions Example: 100 1_ Lightner, Adna H, $e author A wayside violet / $c by Adna H. Lightner. 260 __ Woodbridge, Connecticut : $b Research Publications, $c __ 1 microfilm reel (125 pages) ; $c 35 mm $i Reproduction of (item): $a Lightner, Adna H. $t Wayside violet $d Cincinnati : Wrightson, 1885 $h 125 pages ; 18 cm. $n Call number of original: PS2246.L423 W $w (DLC)

EXERCISES

Example 1 Contributor 100 1_ $a Lindgren, Astrid, $d , $e author $a Pippi Långstrump. $l English $a Pippi Longstocking / $c Astrid Lindgren ; translated by Tiina Nunnally _ $a Nunnally, Tiina, $d $e translator. **Notes: 1) Relationship designators “author” and “translator” added per cataloger’s judgment. 2) The 2nd statement of responsibility is not core. also, it isn’t needed to justify the 700 field

Example 2 Whole-part Work Authorized Access Point _ $a Shakespeare, William, $d $a Four tragedies / $c William Shakespeare _ $a Hamlet -- Othello -- King Lear -- Macbeth * $a Shakespeare, William, $d $t Hamlet. * $a Shakespeare, William, $d $t Othello. * $a Shakespeare, William, $d $t King Lear. * $a Shakespeare, William, $d $t Macbeth.

Example 3--Related Expression (Translation) Authorized Access Point: 100 1_ $a Brown, Dan, $d $a Digital fortress. $l French $a Forteresse digitale / $c Dan Brown ; roman traduit de l'anglais (étatis-unis) par Dominique Defert _ $a Defert, Dominique 700 1_ $i Translation of: $a Brown, Dan, $d $t Digital fortress.

Structured Description in 765 Field Structured description in 765 field: 100 1_ $a Brown, Dan, $d $a Digital fortress. $l French $a Forteresse digitale _ $a Brown, Dan, $t Digital fortress. $d Paris : JC Lattes, 2007 $h 503 pages ; 18 cm $w (OcLC)

Unstructured Description in 500 Field 100 1_ $a Brown, Dan, $d $a Digital fortress. $l French $a Forteresse digitale. 500 __ $a Translation of the author’s novel Digital fortress.

Example 4- Relationship Designators

Example of relationship designators Example 5-- relationship designators

Thank you!