African-American Culture and History From slavery to today

Descriptive Title: Enslaved Africans on the deck of the bark Wildfire, Key West, April 30, Source: Harper's Weekly, June 2, 1860, p. 314.

Original Caption: Annual Sale and Hiring of Slaves at Montgomery, Alabama. Source: New York Illustrated News; January 26, 1861, p. 177.

Descriptive Title: 1860 census of Louisiana by parish, showing racial make-up of population. Source: Harper's Weekly, February 3, 1866, p. 78.

Descriptive Title: A slave -pen at New Orleans, before the auction, sketched before the war. Source: Harper's Weekly, January 24, 1863, p. 61

Descriptive Title:Group of cotton pickers resting, one man holds childDescriptive Title:Group of cotton pickers resting, one man holds child Descriptive Title: Group of cotton pickers resting, one man holds child

Descriptive Title: Family group posing in cotton field Source: Robert N. Dennis Collection of Stereoscopic Views

Descriptive Title: Adults seated, facing the camera, child playing in barrel in foreground, plantation setting Source: Robert N. Dennis Collection of Stereoscopic Views

Descriptive Title: Pictures of the South - African-American Quarters on Jefferson Davis's Plantation. Source: Harper's Weekly

Descriptive Title: Large family outside of door to house

Descriptive Title: Family Worship In a Plantation in South Carolina Source: The Illustrated London News,

Descriptive Title: Adult male slave escaping through woods, slavecatchers in pursuit Source: The underground rail road: a record of facts authentic narratives, letters &c., narrating the hardships, hair-breadth escapes and death struggles of the slaves in their efforts for freedom, as related by themselves and others…/by William Still.

Descriptive Title: Slaves escaping by coach, on horseback and on foot. Source: Harper's Weekly, May 7, 1864, p. 292.

Descriptive Title: Slaves fleeing by boat under the light of a full moon Source: Harper's Weekly, April 9, 1864, p. 237

Descriptive Title: Morning Mustering of the 'Contraband' at Fortress Monroe, on their way to their Day's Work, Under the Pay and Direction of the U.S. Source: Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper; November 2, 1861; p.373

The likeness of an African American Civil War soldier appears in a detail of the Robert Gould Shaw Memorial statue on the northeast corner of Boston Common in Boston on Memorial Day Monday, May 26, The monument, now 100 years old, and sculpted by Augustus Saint-Gaudens, commemorates Boston Civil War Colonel Robert Gould and the 54th Massachusetts Regiment of African American volunteers who died in the in the July 18, 1863 assault on Fort Wagner in South Carolina. (AP Photo/Steven Senne)

Descriptive Title: Outside of the Galleries of the House of Representatives During the Passage of The Civil Rights Bill. Source: Harper's Weekly, April 28, 1866, p. 269.

Descriptive Title: The Effects of The Proclamation - Freed African Americans Coming into Our Lines at Newbern, North Carolina Source: Harper's Weekly

Descriptive Title: Adjutant-General Thomas Addressing African Americans in Louisiana on the duties of freedom. Source: Harper's Weekly, November 14, 1864, p. 721

Descriptive Title: Emigrants seeking homes in the North. Source: Harper's Weekly, August 3, 1867

Descriptive Title: Freed slaves in camp, Richmond, Virginia Source: Civil War photographs.

Descriptive Title: Two members of the Ku-Klux Klan in disguise Source: Harper's Weekly, December 19, 1868

Alabama, A KLAN sign on the highway "welcomes" passersby.

Cross burning in Alabama

Descriptive Title: African-American women quilting and African- American men threading the needles. Source: Harper's Weekly, April 21, 1883.

Descriptive Title: Family in an ox-drawn cart. Source: Stereograph Collection.

Descriptive Title: Family group in front of two-story cabin. Source: Robert N. Dennis Collection of Stereoscopic Views.

Descriptive Title: Woman wearing bridal dress and veil, standing, holding back of rattan chair.

Descriptive Title: Tennessee. - Men at the meeting of the Colored National Convention Held at Nashville, April 5th, 6th, and 7th, 1876 Source: Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper; May 6, 1876, p. 145.

Original Caption: James Lyons Kingsland, 1st. Taken December 16, Abrahm Leon Kingsland, Step- brother, taken June 2, 1900 at Ironsides School, Bordentown, N.J.

Original Caption: Madeline R. Shivery and cousins Emily and Lula Smith, man unknown.

Descriptive Title: African-American soldiers dining at the Colored Branch of the Nashville Young Men's Christian Association

Descriptive Title: Portrait of J. Leubrie Hill and his famous Dark Town Follies of 1914 and Source: Helen Armstead Johnson Photograph Collection

Descriptive Title: Studio portrait of the nine-member University Singers of New Orleans. Source: Cabinet Card Collection. Location: Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Photographs and Prints Division.

Descriptive Title: Conductor Clarence Cameron White and the Victorian Concert Orchestra, Boston, Mass. Source: Clarence Cameron White Photograph Collection

Caption: Negro expulsion from a railway car, Philadelphia. Material Type: Wood engravings Source: The Illustrated London News, September 27, 1856, p.314. Location: Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Photographs and Prints Division.

Lucy Simms and the class of Photo courtesy Hampton Normal Institute. (EW002

Segregated waiting room, 1940

Pope Chapel Elementary School, Panola County, 1955

Mary Awkard FairfaxMary Awkard Fairfax, teacher, is at the blackboard with her class of students seated. A piano can be seen at right. Courtesy Mary Fairfax. (MF0020)

Entering the colored section of a Mississippi movie house, 1939

Hardy School, interior, 1955

Brooklyn Dodgers infielder and slugger Jackie Robinson ( ) hangs out with teammates (L-R: Spider Jorgensen, Pee Wee Reese and Eddie Stanky) in the Dodgers dugout during Robinson's first game on the team, c. 1950's.

Descriptive Title: Portrait of a family standing in a back yard Source: Clarence Cameron White Photograph Collection.

Alabama, In front of the state capitol building in Montgomery, marchers sing "We Have Overcome" and listen to Martin Luther King, Jr. tell them that "SEGREGATION is on its deathbed."

Ladies show off their style. "Tish" Francis in center (facing camera). Courtesy of Jennifer Vickers. (JV0006

Alabama, In Birmingham, anti-segregation demonstrators lie on the sidewalk to protect themselves from firemen with high PRESSURE water hoses. One disgusted fireman said later, "We're supposed to fight fires, not people."

This girl was one of those children in the Bronx.

Boys in Harlem hallway

Born a slave, Booker T. Washington became the nation's preeminent African- American educator and author in the post-Civil War era. An advocate of higher education and economic self- sufficiency as a means to social equality for black citizens (as detailed in his autobiography "Up From Slavery"), he also founded the Tuskegee Institute (now university) in 1881.

Noted African American scientist Dr. George Washington Carver is photographed in Oct Carver, a chemist and researcher, revolutionized agricultural development and economy in the South in the late 1800s. (AP Photo

Count Bassie Big Band Leader of the 1930’s and 40’s His success as a band leader helped blacks make inroads in the fight for civil rights.

Sammy Davis Jr. with Elvis Presley circa 1958 © 1978 Bernie Abramson

Mrs. Parks became a symbol of the civil rights movement in 1955 in Montgomery, Ala., when she refused to give up her bus seat to a white man, as law there required. She moved to Detroit in (AP Photo/Carlos Osorio)

Martin Luther King Jr.

Quincy Jones – Jazz musician and film score composer. Leon Ware - Blues and Motown artist c.1970

A candid portrait of rapper LL Cool J wearing a black Kangol hat, large gold chain necklaces, and a red-and- white warm-up jacket at the American Music Awards, c. 1987

Boy in Spanish harlem

Sources for photography Is.dal.ca/~bcichair/ Is.dal.ca/~bcichair/ Sources for Text : Erickson, Mark St. John Landmarks in Black Military History Tribune News Service July 24, 1998 McLaughlin, Nancy; Sit-in’s Unsung Hero Lee McAdoo, Greensboro News & Record, Feb Cross, William E. Tracing the Historical Origins of Youth Delinquency & Violence: Myths & Realities About Black Culture. Journal of Social Issues, Vol 59, No 1, 2003, pp Recommended reading: Nolen, Rose Hoecakes, Hambone, and All that Jazz Univ of Mo. Press 2003