NYU Medical Grand Rounds Clinical Vignette Roy Mukku, MD PGY-2 1/15/13 U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS

Mrs. W is a 49 year old Chinese woman who presents with 2 weeks of hemoptysis. Chief Complaint U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS

Two weeks prior to presentation, the patient began experiencing a productive cough with flecks of blood in the sputum. During the same time period, the patient also began experiencing fatigue, dyspnea on exertion and a decreased exercise tolerance. History of Present Illness U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS

The patient regularly undergoes hemodialysis secondary to lupus nephritis. On the day of admission, she was referred to the ED from dialysis after being found to have a hemoglobin of 7 g/dL, down from her baseline of 11 g/dL. History of Present Illness U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS

Additional History Past Medical History: Lupus Nephritis Social History: Denies tobacco, ethanol, or illicit drug use Immigrated from China 20 years prior Medications: Methotrexate 7.5 mg PO q weekly, Iron Sulfate 325 mg PO TID U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS

Physical Examination General: Chinese woman, sitting in stretcher, appears comfortable Vital Signs: list T: 98.4 BP: 105/57 HR: 88 RR: 18 and O2 sat: 96% on room air III/VI systolic ejection murmur heard throughout precordium Remainder of the physical exam was normal U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS

Laboratory Findings Complete Blood Count: Hemoglobin 7.2 g/dL Remainder of CBC was within normal limits Basic Metabolic Panel: Creatinine 3 mg/dL Remainder of basic was within normal limits Coagulation panel within normal limits Ferritin 1245, Iron 46, TIBC 269 U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS

Other Studies ECG: Normal Sinus Rhythm Chest X-Ray: bilateral opacification at bases, new from previous images CT Chest: diffuse ground-glass opacities U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS

Methotrexate Toxicity TB Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Working or Differential Diagnosis U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS

Hospital Day 1: –Patient was transferred to the MICU for closer monitoring given concern for diffuse alveolar hemorrhage –Patient underwent hemodialysis with concomitant blood transfusion –Bronchoscopy was scheduled for the same day Hospital Course U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS

11 Hospital Day 1: –Signout was given that Rheumatology Consult was already contacted and was awaiting bronchoscopy results prior to leaving official recommendations. –Underwent bronchoscopy, the results of which were consistent with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, likely the effect of a capilleritis secondary to lupus vasculitis. –Results were discussed on rounds and the decision was made to start high dose steroids while awaiting formal recommendations from Rheumatology. 11 Hospital Course U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS

12 Hospital Day 2: –Patient appeared quite well, yet it was noted on rounds that Rheumatology had not yet left formal recommendations –Housestaff stated that Rheumatology was aware of patient –Patient was stable for transfer out of MICU, but decision was made to hold off on transfer until recommendations from Rheumatology had been documented in chart Hospital Course U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS

13 Hospital Day 2: –Rheumatology was re-consulted, at which point consult service was completely unaware of patient –Rheumatology service subsequently made recommendations on steroid dose and duration –Patient did well, and was discharged a few days later 11 Hospital Course U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS

Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Final Diagnosis U NITED S TATES D EPARTMENT OF V ETERANS A FFAIRS