What is MLA? From the “Purdue OWL” site…

MLA is… An accepted type of formatting used so that readers can decode your research. HOW TO do: Headings Font Margins Cite your sources and identify them

Works Cited An Inconvenient Truth. Dir. Davis Guggenheim. Perf. Al Gore, Billy West. Paramount, DVD. "Blueprint Lays Out Clear Path for Climate Action." Environmental Defense Fund. Environmental Defense Fund, 8 May Web. 24 May Clinton, Bill. Interview by Andrew C. Revkin. “Clinton on Climate Change.” New York Times. New York Times, May Web. 25 May Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet." New York Times. New York Times, 22 May Web. 25 May 2009.

Why do I have to identify my sources? Give credit where credit is due or you are stealing/plagiarizing. Proves you researched. On another level though, it allows the reader to see where you found your quote or information you paraphrased so that he or she could read more about that topic.

Why? A doctor publishes findings on a new drug to cure cancer First of all, he will have to support his claim with research in order for anyone to take him seriously. ENTER THE WORKS CITED LIST AND CITATIONS. Then, other doctors will need to learn more about this by exploring the same resources the author writes about. ENTER MLA or another format (APA). IF YOU WANTED TO READ SOMETHING I READ, WHAT INFORMATION WOULD YOU NEED TO FIND MY SOURCE?

Works Cited This is a list of the resources you used. It is found at the end of your paper. Bibliography

Works Cited An Inconvenient Truth. Dir. Davis Guggenheim. Perf. Al Gore, Billy West. Paramount, DVD. "Blueprint Lays Out Clear Path for Climate Action." Environmental Defense Fund. Environmental Defense Fund, 8 May Web. 24 May Clinton, Bill. Interview by Andrew C. Revkin. “Clinton on Climate Change.” New York Times. New York Times, May Web. 25 May Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet." New York Times. New York Times, 22 May Web. 25 May 2009.

Basic Format… For Print: Author. “Title.” Title. City: Publisher, Date. For Online: Author. “Title.” Title. Organization. Date created. Web. Date accessed.

Parenthetical Citations: Writers also need to identify where they found the information as they bring it up in their paper. This is called parenthetical citations. CITATION simply means identifying the source. PARENTHETICAL means using parentheses. So… all you do is identify where you found the information by putting the source in parentheses Eighty percent of students use facebook (source info goes here).

When are parenthetical citations necessary? When you use the exact words from a source (quote). When you use information you didn’t already know even though you put it in your own words (paraphrase). What goes in the parentheses? Whatever appears first in the Works Cited entry (normally the author’s last name). And if your source has pages, the page number. Like this… (Author 8).

Wonka, Charlie, and Grandpa Joe are the remaining characters at the end of the book. While traveling on a glass elevator the character, Wonka, pushes a button that propels the elevator upward causing it to crash through the roof. The cube miraculously floats in the sky above the factory and Wonka informs Charlie and his Grandfather that they will be the new owners of the chocolate factory (Dahl 96). Since its publication, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, became a best seller both in America and England. Although it was extensively dramatized and televised, it was not always received with such enthusiasm (Smith 12). In 1976, a critic wrote that she didn’t like the book because of “its getting laughs through violent punishment” (Jones and Smith 2). The book’s fate took a turn for the worst and was pulled from shelves in many school libraries. Critics accused the book of being racist and the portrayal of certain characters as contributing to the stereotypes of race (West, Controversial 77). Criticism of Dahl’s second children’s book was positive when it was first released in the United States in September of 1964 (“Roald” ). One critic, Aileen Pippett, wrote in the “New York Times Book Review” that Dahl proved that he knew how to appeal to children. He has done it again. “Rich in humor, he depicts fantastic characters … and situations … and lets his imagination rip” (West, Children’s 70).

Works Cited Dahl, Roald. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. New Orleans: A.A. Knopf, Jones, Robert and Mary Smith. Roald Dahl: “Strange Stories from a Strange Author”. London: Oxford UP, “Roald Dahl.” The Official Roald Dahl Website. The Roald Dahl Foundation. 3 Dec Web. 19 Nov Schultz, William Todd. “Finding Fate’s Father: Some Life History Influences on Roald Dahl’s Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.” Biography: An Interdisciplinary Approach 21 Oct. 1998: Literature Resource Center. Thompson-Gale. 21 June 2007 Smith, John, ed. Scary Books. Los Angeles: Putnam, West, Robert. Children’s Authors. Milwaukee: Scholastic, Controversial Books. Milwaukee: Scholastic, 1992.

So… Look at the Works Cited list. What appears first? Page numbers or No page numbers? Print or Online PDF files = page numbers

Works Cited An Inconvenient Truth. Dir. Davis Guggenheim. Perf. Al Gore, Billy West. Paramount, DVD. "Blueprint Lays Out Clear Path for Climate Action." Environmental Defense Fund. Environmental Defense Fund, 8 May Web. 24 May Clinton, Bill. Interview by Andrew C. Revkin. “Clinton on Climate Change.” New York Times. New York Times, May Web. 25 May Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet." New York Times. New York Times, 22 May Web. 25 May 2009.

In-text Citations for Print Sources with Known Author and Pages… For PRINT sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation. 1.Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as "symbol-using animals" (3). 2. Human beings have been described as "symbol-using animals" (Burke 3). _________________________________________________________________ Works Cited Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. Berkeley: U of California P, Print.

Another example… 1.Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263). 2.Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263). 3.Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

All citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information: Works Cited Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. London: Oxford U.P., Print.

What comes first the chicken or the egg? The WORKS CITED list

Works Cited An Inconvenient Truth. Dir. Davis Guggenheim. Perf. Al Gore, Billy West. Paramount, DVD. "Blueprint Lays Out Clear Path for Climate Action." Environmental Defense Fund. Environmental Defense Fund, 8 May Web. 24 May Clinton, Bill. Interview by Andrew C. Revkin. “Clinton on Climate Change.” New York Times. New York Times, May Web. 25 May Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet." New York Times. New York Times, 22 May Web. 25 May 2009.

In-text Citations for Print Sources with No Known Author When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of an author name. Place the title in quotation marks if it's a short work (e.g. articles) or italicize it if it's a longer work (e.g. plays, books, television shows, entire websites) and provide a page number: We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has “more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change... ” (“Impact of Global Warming” 6). ________________________________________________________________ Works Cited “The Impact of Global Warming in North America.” GLOBAL WARMING: Early Signs Web. 23 Mar

We'll learn how to make a Works Cited page in a bit, but right now it's important to know that parenthetical citations and Works Cited pages allow readers to know which sources you consulted in writing your essay, so that they can either verify your interpretation of the sources or use them in their own scholarly work.

Works Cited “Cloning.” FactsOnFile. Web. 5 May “Cloning.” Science Today. Web. 5 May Miller, Arthur. “Why Clone?” Science Journal. 12 Feb Miller, Richard. Good Old Dolly. Boston: Scholastic, 2000.

Citing Authors with Same Last Names Sometimes more information is necessary to identify the source from which a quotation is taken. For instance, if two or more authors have the same last name, provide both authors' first initials (or even the authors' full name if different authors share initials) in your citation. Go as far into the citation as you need to to make it clear which you are talking about. For example: Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children, others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration (R. Miller 12 ; A. Miller 46).

And if two works have the same title… The first successful cloned animal was Dolly the sheep (“Cloning.” Science). According to a 2009 survey, forty-seven percent of Americans do not support cloning (“Cloning.” FactsOnFile).

Multiple Citations To cite multiple sources in the same parenthetical reference, separate the citations by a semi-colon:... as has been discussed elsewhere (Burke 3; Dewey 21).

Electronic Sources One online film critic stated that Fitzcarraldo is "...a beautiful and terrifying critique of obsession and colonialism" (Garcia, “Herzog: a Life”). In the example, the writer has chosen not to include the author name in-text; however, two entries from the same author appear in the Works Cited. Thus, the writer includes both the author’s last name and the article title in the parenthetical citation in order to lead the reader to the appropriate entry on the Works Cited page (see below). Works Cited Garcia, Elizabeth. "Herzog: a Life." Online Film Critics Corner. The Film School of New Hampshire, 2 May Web. 8 Jan Garcia, Elizabeth. "I Love Movies." Online Film Critics Corner. The Film School of New Hampshire, 18 June Web. 8 Jan

What about the page numbers? There are no page numbers for online sources, so… NONE ARE NEEDED!

Works Cited An Inconvenient Truth. Dir. Davis Guggenheim. Perf. Al Gore, Billy West. Paramount, DVD. "Blueprint Lays Out Clear Path for Climate Action." Environmental Defense Fund. Environmental Defense Fund, 8 May Web. 24 May Clinton, Bill. Interview by Andrew C. Revkin. “Clinton on Climate Change.” New York Times. New York Times, May Web. 25 May Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet." New York Times. New York Times, 22 May Web. 25 May 2009.