Strategic pest management tactics for blackheaded fireworm using reduced risked ovicide/larvicide insecticides Kim Patten & Chase Metzger

Background: In 2015 the Washington Department of Agriculture will most likely ban the use of OPs on 56% of cranberry beds in WA, due to water quality issues. Alternative reduced risk chemistries for fireworm control have been getting adopted by the industry, but control hasn’t always been satisfactory. There are a lot of new reduced risk insecticides that we are only beginning to figure out how to best use. Most applications are chemigated on systems with poor uniformity (DU< 70%) which compromise efficacy Our insect pests have a very asynchronous hatch (3+ weeks) which make insecticide timing more challenging

Project objectives: Assess an array of new insecticide for efficacy against fireworm Assess duration of field efficacy Optimize timing intervals Develop more refined IPM program for fireworm management

Insecticide efficacy

1 st generation BHFW efficacy trials Applied 5/11 assessed 5/13 and 5/20 a b b a b

2 nd generation BHFW efficacy trials Applied 7/21 assessed 7/25 & 7/29 larvae size equally distributed between 1 and 5 instar

Duration of field efficacy

Duration of field efficacy – fireworm 2 nd generation Treatments were applied weekly ( 5/27 to 6/26) Which applications failed to provide control? Treatment window Sweep for efficacy

Duration of field efficacy – fireworm 2 nd generation 5 different timings (5/27 to 6/26) – how long do they provide control? 33 days of control w/ Altacor 19 days of control w/ Intrepid Spray dates a ab Treat sweep

5 days exposure 10 DBE 5 DBE 1 DBE 1 DAE 5 DAE 10 DAE Container of cranberries treated with Altacor or Intrepid before or after exposure to fireworm adults and assessed for damaged DBE - days before exposure DAE – days after exposure

5 day ex- posure a b b bbb b b Data – highly variable Intrepid applied pre-egg laying – minimal control Altacor applied pre or post-egg laying - control

Optimize timing intervals replicated trials

Traditional insecticide timing

Timing window With new reduced risk insecticides – what is the ideal timing and frequency? Do you get any ovicidal activity? Do you get any adulticidal activity? How long is the duration of field activity?

Pre-hatch application of insecticide for control of 1 st generation BHFW Treatments applied May 30, 2013 –at early rough neck ~ 1/4” growth; no larvae present Early timing for 1 st generation provides superlative control, even under high pressure (17 days of control) a a b b b b Treat sweep

Treatments applied 6/11/12 at first significant moth flight a a a a ab a b Treat sweep

treat sweep

Treatments applied 6/29/12 just prior to egg hatch a b a a b b ab b Treat sweep

Develop more refined IPM program for fireworm management Refinement of trapping Use of trap data with GDD models Consideration of additional insect pest Resistance management

Z traps

IPM timing strategies for control 20 dd 110 dd 145 dd from biofix A or I

Comparison of Apples to Cranberries in the PNW – 2 nd generation Codling moth larvae Altacor: ~120 to 150 dd base 10˚C from biofix Intrepid: ~130 to 150 dd base 10˚C from biofix – 2 nd generation larvae Fireworm larvae Altacor: ~110 to 150 dd base 10˚C from biofix Intrepid: ~130 to 140 dd base 10˚C from biofix

May June July August Sept. How do you overlay an Insecticide to target multiple insects

Resistance management Group 18 – Intrepid Group 5- Delegate Group 22- Avaunt Group 28- Altacor, Cyazypr

Summary Good field duration (Altacor>Intrepid≥Cyazypyr>Delegate) A fail-proof IPM for fireworm is feasible