The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual Richard Dowling

The Highway Capacity Manual 4 Editions & 1 Update from 1950 to 2000 HCM 2000 24,500 copies distributed (14% metric) Another 500 copies for the 2011 PE Exam Most fervent readers: Students and software developers Everybody using traffic analysis software uses HCM

Major Changes for 2010 Guidance on Integrating Microsimulation and HCM Multimodal (Complete Streets) LOS Analysis Software Active Traffic Management Partially Electronic Format New HCM 2010 Support Website

Presentation Outline Content, Format, Schedule, Software Technical Innovations Uninterrupted flow facilities (freeways, rural highways) Interrupted flow facilities (urban streets, signals) Alternative Methods (microsimulation) Active Traffic Management

Format and Content - It won’t come entirely in printed form - One part will come entirely in electronic form - Software: source code available to all - A website for extra materials

Organization of Manual Volume 1 – Concepts Volume 2 – Uninterrupted Flow Facilities Freeways, rural highways, rural roads Volume 3 – Interrupted Flow Facilities Urban arterials, intersections, roundabouts Signals at freeway interchanges, Bicycle and Pedestrian paths Volume 4 – Supplemental Materials

Vol.1 – Concepts of Capacity Target Audience: Managers, Students Nine chapters that cover….. Concepts Traffic flow, capacity, quality of service Modal characteristics Capacity Analysis Applications How to apply the HCM How and when to use microsimulation Interpretation and presentation of results

Vol. 2 – Uninterrupted Flow Facilities Target Audience: technical people Six chapters on: Freeways and their component sections Basic sections, ramp merge/diverge, weaving Multi-lane rural highways Two-lane rural roads

Vol. 3 Interrupted Flow Facilities Target Audience: Technical and professional people Eight chapters on: Urban arterials Signalized intersections Unsignalized intersections Roundabouts Signals at freeway interchanges Bike and pedestrian paths Multimodal Level of Service

Vol. 4 – Supplemental Materials Target Audience: Engineers and programmers 12 chapters, all electronic, on the web More detailed descriptions of methods Worked example problems Annotated software source code Technical reference library HCM Application Guide New: Active Traffic Management

Software Software Will not compete with commercial software Source code available to all Illustrates how to program the methods Can be used to verify commercial software Will not compete with commercial software Will have very limited user interface Will work only for simple and limited example problems

Website

Publication Schedule In TRB Production Publication December 2010

Technical Innovations Uninterrupted Flow Facilities Interrupted Flow Facilities

Uninterrupted Flow Facilities Technical Innovations New speed-flow equations New freeway analysis software New weaving method Service volume tables

Freeway Speed-Flow Curves Free-Flow Speed No longer function of number of lanes Ramp density substituted for interchange density New curve for 75 mph free-flow speed Speed does not drop until 1200 vph/ln reached

Source: Draft HCM 2010 Materials, Kittelson & Associates

Weaving Sections Changes to Current Method New weaving section types New method for estimating speed Weaving length dependent on demands. New method for estimating capacity

Freeway Facility Analysis Modifications to reflect changes in other chapters New software implementation (FREEVAL) Updated capacity information for: Work Zones Weather (rain, snow, wind, visibility) Incidents

Analysis Over Time & Space   D/C SS 1 SS 2 SS 3 SS 4 SS 5 SS 6 16:00 0.68 0.75 0.72 0.80 0.73 16:30 0.85 0.82 0.93 17:00 0.87 0.97 0.90 1.03 17:30 0.98 18:00 0.78 0.70 18:30 0.58 0.62 0.60 MPH 63 62 61 60 58 57 59 29 41 19 15 35 27 48 64

FREEVAL Outputs (Speed)

Service Volume Tables Rural Freeway ADT’s (1000’s)

Multi-lane Highways Bicycle LOS analysis added Service volume tables

Two Lane Highways Two-way analysis methodology dropped. Some revisions to curves and tables. New road class added for built-up areas. LOS based on % free-flow speed (FDOT) Bicycle LOS on two-lane highways. Service volume tables

Interrupted Flow Facilities Technical Innovations: New multimodal level of service method New methods for arterials and signals New method for signals in an interchange New method for roundabouts

Multimodal Level of Service Simultaneous analysis of LOS for auto drivers, bus riders, bicyclists, pedestrians. A method for allocating scarce street right-of-way to the various modal users of the street.

Sharing the Street – Complete Streets Mode Before After Auto C D Bus B Bicycle F Pedestrian E Before After

Urban Street Analysis Predicts Stops (New), Speed, Queues Models signal coordination force offs, yields Mixed street: signal, stops, roundabout Sensitive to access management driveways, median breaks Service Volume Table

Urban Street Service Volumes

Signalized Intersection Updates Incremental queue analysis (IQA) Traffic actuated signals Min. green, passage time, recall, dual entry, Dallas phasing, simultaneous gap out, detector length. Left turn queue overflow check (New) Volume/capacity ratio check (New) Level of service for bicycles and pedestrians (New)

Incremental Queue Analysis Delay polygon for shared left-through lane with permitted lefts Old New Queued Vehicles Time

Left Turn Overflow Check (New) If left turn overflow occurs, review results

Volume/Capacity Ratio Check if: v/c > 1.00 Then the signalized intersection LOS is “F”

Two-Way Stop Updates Extended to 6-lane arterials. U-turns Analysis of shared lanes, short lanes Pedestrian crossings analysis

All Way Stop Updates Queuing model added Explicit guidance for 6-lane streets

Roundabouts Update New methodology based on US Research NCHRP Report 572 U.S. Capacities lower than rest of world LOS based on delay Same thresholds as for unsignalized intersections Roundabouts held to higher standard than signals

Roundabout Capacity Slide courtesy of: Lee Rodegerdts, Kittelson & Associates

Capacity: 1 lane Slide courtesy of: Lee Rodegerdts, Kittelson & Associates

Capacity: 2x1 lane Slide courtesy of: Lee Rodegerdts, Kittelson & Associates

Capacity: 1x2 lane Slide courtesy of: Lee Rodegerdts, Kittelson & Associates

Capacity: 2x2 lane Slide courtesy of: Lee Rodegerdts, Kittelson & Associates

Interchange Ramp Terminals Analysis of Diamonds, Par-clos, Roundabouts Methodology for choosing interchange types Lost capacity due to: Queue spillbacks Uneven lane utilization Demand starvation

Alternative Methods When and how to apply microsimulation. Comparing microsimulation results to HCM results

Chapter 6: HCM and Alternative Tools Planning Methods Based on the HCM Alternative Methods (Microsimulation) Traffic modeling concepts Application guide Framework to apply HCM + microsimulation Comparison of performance measures Selection of traffic models

Chapter 7 Interpreting Results Uncertainty and Variability Concepts, Sources, Sensitivity Analysis Uncertainty and Sensitivity of HCM results Comparing HCM and Microsimulation Results Framework for comparing HCM/microsim results Specific guidance provided in facility specific chapters Presentation of HCM/Microsimulation Results Significant digits for reporting

Microsimulation vs HCM Delay Accumulated Vehicles Arrivals HCM Delay Departures Modelos de micro-simulacion cuentan solo la demoras que se acumulan durante el periodo de análisis. Los métodos del manual de capacidad incluyen la demora extra que sufren los vehículos que quedan en la cola cuando termina el periodo de análisis. Queue Dissipation Time Time Analysis Period

Active Traffic Management New chapter on the continuous real time monitoring and management of both demand and capacity Se trata del monitoreo continuo y el control dinámico del tránsito Ejemplos son….

Active Traffic Management ATM is a comprehensive approach to optimizing the operational performance of the roadway system through monitoring and control of systems operations and demands. Examples Demand Metering, Congestion Pricing, Managed Lanes, Adaptive Control, Speed Harmonization, Traveler Information Systems, Incident Management, Work Zone Management

Active Traffic Management Provides basic information on active traffic management measures Provides references from the literature Describes applicability of HCM or microsimulation methods to evaluation New methodology coming in one year

Conclusion – The New HCM New tools for multimodal planning Guidance on the use of microsimulation New methods for freeways and streets Service volume tables for planning applications New material to aid software programmers Information on Active Traffic Management

Questions/Comments Richard Dowling Dowling Associates, Oakland, CA 510-839-1742 ext 120 rdowling@dowlinginc.com Pero antes Quiero agradecer a dos personas muy importantes en el desarrollo del Manual Mark Vandehey, el autor/editor en jefe del Manual Y Richard Cunard, de “transportation research board” que coordina la publicación del manual para 2010.