1 Overview of Soil Fumigant Uses Module 2 Soil Fumigant RED Requirements

2 Module 2: Soil Fumigant Uses Soil Fumigant Use By Crop Crop Chloropicrin Metam Sodium Metam PotassiumMethyl Bromide 1,3- DichloropropeneMethyl Iodide Total Pounds PoundsPCTPoundsPCTPoundsPCTPoundsPCTPoundsPCT Potatoes300,000232,500, ,700, ,500,000 Strawberries3,500, ,00024,400, ,0005 8,600,000 Tomatoes1,400,000103,100,000103,700, ,000<1200,000<18,600,000 Carrots 7,400, ,100, ,500,000 Tobacco1,600, ,000<14,800, ,460,000 Onions300,00053,400, ,400,0005 5,100,000 Peppers1,100,000201,900,000151,300, , ,900,000 Watermelons400,00051,600, , , ,300,000 Cotton20,000<160,000<1 2,900,000<1 2,980,000 Cucumbers500, , ,00021,200, ,200,000 Peanuts50,000<1300,000<1 1,700,0005 2,050,000 EPA proprietary data, Average usage 2006 through 2008

3 Module 2: Soil Fumigant Uses EPA proprietary data, Average usage 2006 through 2008 Metam Sodium Pounds Applied

4 Module 2: Soil Fumigant Uses EPA proprietary data, Average usage 2006 through 2008 Metam Potassium Pounds Applied

55 EPA proprietary data, Average usage 2006 through 2008 Module 2: Soil Fumigant Uses 1,3-Dichloropropene Pounds Applied

6 Module 2: Soil Fumigant Uses EPA proprietary data, Average usage 2006 through 2008 Methyl Bromide Pounds Applied

77 Chloropicrin Pounds Applied EPA proprietary data, Average usage 2006 through 2008 Module 2: Soil Fumigant Uses

88 Application Methods Hot gas Shank bedded Rotor tiller Drip irrigation Center pivot Shank broadcast shank no tarp Spray blade Tree hole

9 Bedded Tarped Shank Injection Applications Module 2: Soil Fumigant Uses

10 Shank Injection Applications Broadcast Tarped Module 2: Soil Fumigant Uses

11 Untarped broadcast Shank Injection Applications Module 2: Soil Fumigant Uses

12 Chemigation Applications Center pivot Module 2: Soil Fumigant Uses

13 Chemigation Applications Module 2: Soil Fumigant Uses low release height-solid stream center pivot

14 Chemigation Applications Drip irrigation Solid set sprinklers Module 2: Soil Fumigant Uses

15 Other Application Methods Tree hole Hot gas Rotor tiller Module 2: Soil Fumigant Uses Spray blade

16 Review Questions True or False? 1. Fumigation of soil for potatoes is a major use. 2. Fumigant usage across the country is similar. 3. Application methods differ by chemical.

17 Summary  Use of soil fumigants on major food crops ranges from about 2 to 45.5 million pounds per year  Largest use on potatoes, strawberries, tomatoes & carrots Data lacking for nursery uses  Amounts used vary by chemical, application method & geographic location Module 2: Soil Fumigant Uses

18 EPA Contact Information  Leader: John Leahy (703)  Team Leaders: Steven Weiss (703) Cathryn O’Connell (703)  Chemical Review Managers: Methyl bromide: Susan Bartow (703) Metam sodium: Dana Friedman (703) and Jose Gayoso (703) Dazomet: Dana Friedman (703) ,3-D & Chloropicrin: Andrea Carone (703)