2015 ON THE HORIZON: MIGRATION AND REGIONAL COOPERATION IN THE ASEAN COMMUNITY INTERNATIONAL METROPOLIS CONFERENCE 9-13 September Tampere, Finland Maruja M.B. Asis Scalabrini Migration Center

 Brief background of Southeast Asia and ASEAN  International migration and regional integration  Steps towards governing migration & related issues in the envisaged ASEAN Community in 2015  Future prospects OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION

 Southeast Asia  A region of 606 million people  Cultural diversity and in 3Ds: demographics, development, democracy  Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)  Founded in 1967, with Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore &Thailand as founding members (ASEAN-5)  Expanded membership, esp. in the 1990s: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar & Vietnam  Observer status: East Timor & Papua New Guinea  Goal: to establish the ASEAN Community by 2015 SOUTHEAST ASIA & ASEAN: A BACKGROUND

REGION/ COUNTRY Total Pop 2012 (000) Annual Grwth Rate (%) Old age ratio support Pop, 2030 HDI 2011 GDP per capita, 2010 (US$) SEA Singapore Brunei Dar Malaysia Thailand Philippines Indonesia Vietnam Cambodia Lao PDR Myanmar

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA  Mixed flows  Temporary labor migration is dominant, mostly less skilled  From SEA to the Gulf Cooperation Council countries  From SEA to East Asia  Migration within SEA (est. 5 million workers)  The demand for domestic workers, a key driver of female migration  Irregular migration is significant  Permanent migration to countries of settlement  Marriage migration, mostly within Asia  Student migration, mostly from Asia to Western countries; also within Asia  Forced migration  Environment-related migration in the future?

MIGRATION SYSTEMS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

 From a national framework, the governance of migration has developed into a multi-level approach  From a state-centered framework, other non-state actors lend their voices to the governance of migration  From a “migration only” policy thrust to a migration- integrated policy approach INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

 Various regional consultative processes since the 1990s  2004 ASEAN Declaration against Trafficking in Persons, Particularly Women and Children  2007 ASEAN Declaration for the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers MIGRATION & RELATED ISSUES IN THE ASEAN COMMUNITY IN 2015

ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) “ The AEC shall be the goal of regional economic integration by 2015.” Key characteristics: a single, market and production base; a highly economically competitive region; a region of equitable economic development; and a region fully integrated in the global economy.” The AEC will transform ASEAN into a region with free movement of goods, services, investment, skilled labour, and freer flow of capital Mobility via visa-free arrangements had been in place for many years ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC) The primary goal of the ASCC is to contribute to realising an ASEAN Community that is people-centred and socially responsible with a view to achieving enduring solidarity and unity among the nations and peoples of ASEAN by forging a common identity and building a caring and sharing society which is inclusive and harmonious where the well-being, livelihood, and welfare of the peoples are enhanced. “... focused on nurturing the human, cultural and natural resources for sustained development in a harmonious and people-oriented ASEAN” ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC) “... the aim is to ensure that all countries in the region live at peace with one another and with the rest of the world in a just, democratic and harmonious environment” The ASEAN Charter came into force in December 2008 The ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights was formed in 2009 ASEAN Human Rights Declaration was adopted in 2012 TOWARDS THE ASEAN COMMUNITY IN 2015

FUTURE PROSPECTS Migration is becoming integrated in economic, social and political-security issues in the region … But discussions about migration continue to be qualified restrictions to less skilled migration; openness to skilled/professional migration continuing reticence to deal with irregular migration An integrated ASEAN economy will need human resources of varying skills; growing interdependence Post-ASEAN 2015 Firmer commitments to key actions, leaner committees/bodies, broader participation of civil society & people’s organizations

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