Brian MaginnityAugust 2004

Aerial Photography 2 Are you being served ? uProducts (films, papers) for black & white photography uProducts (films, papers) for colour photography uTechnical advice in application set-up uAfter sale application support: Processing (tests), environmental issues, sensitometer,pre- exposed wedges, etc...

Aerial Photography 3 Black & White Products uRecording film uDuplicating film uPhotographic paper (Agfa Aerial Paper) uChemicals (Agfa Aerial Products) uProcessors (Colenta) uDodging printer (Scanatron)

Aerial Photography 4 Black & White Recording Films uAssortment uApplications uUse uProduct Profile and Requirements uCharacteristics uImaging Techniques

Aerial Photography 5 Black & White Recording Films Assortment FilmsProcessing Aviphot Pan 80 Aviphot Pan 200Colenta Aerial Processors Aviphot Pan 400 SVersamat and other continuous tone processors

Aerial Photography 6 Black & White Recording Films Applications uPhotogrammetry (mapping, cadaster ) u tendency to use colour images is obvious u emerging competition of digital airborne uInventory Studies (NIR sensitivity) u satellite imagery /Digital airborne u false colour IR films (no Agfa product)

Aerial Photography 7 Film for recon applications uReconnaissance (Oblique and vertical ) u airborne- SAR is latest battlefield technology u UAV with video for close recon. u Film still valid because: u high definition imagery / large footprint u universality and compatibility u sturdy and operational (can be scanned too !)

Aerial Photography 8 Black & White Recording Films Use Aviphot Pan 80 uHigh altitude (with FMC at low, medium to high altitudes) uUsed as pan-chromatic B/W duplication film (from colour negs.) uMilitary and civilian applications uAviphot Pan 200 uLow, medium or high altitude uMilitary and civilian applications

Aerial Photography 9 Black and White recording films Use Aviphot Pan 400S uLow altitude or high contrast objects uallows for uncritical film exposure. uoptimised for film scanning umilitary and civilian applications uPan 400s PE0 major business in security camera

Aerial Photography 10 Black & White Recording Films Product Profile & Requirements uGood detail rendering: u Extended sensitivity into the near infrared (less scattering, higher reflection) u High resolution uMaximum speed  minimum granularity uAppropriate processing and sensitometry uDimensional stability uEasy scanning uGood physical properties

Aerial Photography 11 Black & White Recording Films Characteristics Aviphot Pan 80 PE1 uPopular film in mapping community uExcellent contrast range – variable in processing u Very high resolution u Extended near infra-red sensitivity

Aerial Photography 12 Black & White Recording Films Applications uAviphot Pan 80 PE1 and Pan 80 PE0 u High resolution panchromatic duplication film u Military reconnaissance up to ft (with AD74) u Cartography: replaces Pan 200 u very fine grain u best scanning results u larger blow ups u more scales in one photo flight.

Aerial Photography 13 Black & White Recording Films Characteristics Aviphot Pan 200 PE1 and Pan 200 PE0 uMain military / mapping film (average light conditions) uNIR extension used in forestry applications uLarge contrast variation during processing (at 30 °C during 20 to 70 s) low gammahigh gamma In G In Kodak 885 developer

Aerial Photography 14 Black & White Recording Films Characteristics: Spectral Sensitivity Spectral sensitivity of Aviphot Pan D = 0.3 above fog — D = 1.0 above fog Wavelength (nm) Log sensitivity

Aerial Photography 15 Black & White Recording Films Characteristics: Spectral Sensitivity Extended spectral sensitivity into the near infrared Wavelength (nm) Relative spectral reflection curves of different surfaces Water Asphalt roads Dry meadows Desert Wet meadows Autumnal woods Fresh snow Lime stone Percentage of reflectance

Aerial Photography 16 Black & White Recording Films Characteristics: spectral response in lab Test wedges 731 nm filter no filter 701 nm filter no filter 650 nm filter no filter 519 nm filter no filter 410 nm filter no filter

Aerial Photography 17 Black & White Recording Films Characteristics: spectral response in lab The impact of filters on the sensitometry - Example Characteristic curve of Aviphot Pan 200 with different filters log It ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ D Proc : G74c, 30 °C, 40 seconds

Aerial Photography 18 The blue component of white light is heavily affected by the front and back scatter. The near infrared spectral reflection is hardly affected. The near infrared reflected image shows the best resolution. The back scatter of the blue light illuminates the shadows Black & White Recording Films Imaging Techniques

Aerial Photography nm filter 515 nm filter

Aerial Photography 20 Black & White Recording Films Imaging Techniques Two different imaging techniques Yellow filter Agfa system: Agfa system: Blue + green + red + near infrared Other system: Other system: Diminished blue + green + red Blue light Green light Red light Near infrared light Film planeObject

Aerial Photography 21 Instead of having no image details in the black shadows, the image details are revealed by the front scatter of the blue light Resulting picture — Agfa system with blue light information Black & White Recording Films Imaging Techniques

Aerial Photography 22 Black & White Recording Films Imaging Techniques Advantages of the Agfa system uNo loss of “blue” shadow information uNo loss of “blue” contribution to overall speed uBetter haze penetration (sensitized into the near infrared) uBetter image differentiation in density levels on film

Aerial Photography 23 Pan 400s uReplaces Pan 200s u Target applications ? u Survey market for wide latitude applications u Survey market for low light / long shadow u Military market for reconnaissance

Aerial Photography 24 Black & White Duplicating Materials uFilms uPhotographic papers

Aerial Photography 25 Black & White Duplicating Films Assortment Duplicating films AvitoneP 0 p, P 1 p, P 3 p P1pHR Direct duplicating films Avitone PD 1pOS Avitone PD 3pOS Processing in Colenta aerial processors Versamat and other continuous tone processors

Aerial Photography 26 Black and White Duplicating films Assortment uDiapostive films: u P0p,P1p,P3p u Films with contrast gain (gamma 1.3 (20s) to 1.6 (70s)) u For mapping on analogue equipment u Contracting market u P1pHR u extremely fine grain for scanner use u extremely sharp images u low density for best S/N range on scanners u suited for “identical copy”

Aerial Photography 27 Black and White duplicating films Assortment uDirect duplication films u PD1p OS u For creating an identical copy of an original u “OS” means “open skies” u Many archive duplication projects around u PD3p OS u No competition product u Important for duplication of archives

Aerial Photography 28 OPEN SKIES

Aerial Photography 29 Black & White Papers Assortment u Rapitone P1-P2 fixed grade paper u Rapitone M2 multicontrast paper uPaper prints = diminishing sales for Agfa u market color oriented u Military: big volume, bottom price market u market fade-out depends on market situation in 2004

Aerial Photography 30 Black & White Processing & Chemicals uQuality Goals for density range uProcessing chemicals

Aerial Photography 31 Black & White Processing Goals Recording films Standard processing + film/chemistry (G74c) combination of same manufacturer: best image trade-off uUnder-processing: u better grain and sharpness, lower speed and gradation u enough light ? Fixing ? Washing ? uOver-processing: u larger grain and less sharpness, speed and contrast gain

Aerial Photography 32 Black & White Processing Goals Duplicating films Can be processed in G 74 and rapid access developers (e.g. G 101) uFor projection only: Look for an average gradient between 1.2 and 1.5 uFor use on a scanner: u Low densities generate low digital image noise u Look for a density difference of max 0.6 (also recording films) u Look for lowest possible fog level (Dmin)

Aerial Photography 33 Black & White Processing Goals Photographic Paper Can be processed in G 74 and rapid access developers (e.g. G 101) Little impact of chemistry on the sensitometry Development agent in the paper coating uSelect grade to match density difference in the recording film

Aerial Photography 34 Black & White Processing Processing chemicals Developers uG 74 c (recording film, duplicating film and paper) uV-dev (duplicating film and paper) uAD 74 (booster of G74c)Fixers u G 333 c/ V-fix + aditan (10ml/liter), replenishment rate 500 ml/m² Development conditions uTypical for the used chemicals u G 74 c: 30 °C, replenishment rate ml/m² u V-dev: 35 °C, replenishment rate 250 ml/ m²

Aerial Photography 35 Black and White Processing Processing chemicals AD74 in combination with new developer G 74 c and starter G 74 s uAllows fast processing (40 seconds sensitometry at 20 seconds) u40 seconds sensitometry is steeper and faster uCan be airshipped without restrictions Fixer G 333 c / V-fix + Aditan hardener uFast fixer (minimum recommended fixing time = 20 seconds) uCan be airshipped without restrictions

Aerial Photography 36 Open Skies Agfa’s Black & White System for Aerial Photography = Open System

Aerial Photography 37

38 Colour Products uRecording film uCopying materials uChemicals

Aerial Photography 39 Recording Film uAssortment uUse uProduct Profile and Requirements uCharacteristics

Aerial Photography 40 Recording Film Assortment FilmsProcessing systems Aviphot Color X100 PE1Agfacolor Process AP70 (= C41) Aviphot Color X400 PE1Agfacolor Process AP70 (= C41) Aviphot Color N400 PE1Agfacolor Process AP70 (= C41 Aviphot Color N800 PE1Agfacolor Process AP70 (=C41) Aviphot Chrome 200 PE1Agfacolor Process AP44 (= E6)

Aerial Photography 41 Recording Film Use Aviphot Color X400 PE1 uLow to high altitudes (600 m to 8000 m) uNormal colour saturation uUn-masked colour negative film

Aerial Photography 42 Recording Film Use Aviphot Chrome 200 PE1 uLow to high altitudes (600 m to 6000 m) uRegular colour saturation uImproved colour rendering system since 2002

Aerial Photography 43 Recording Film Characteristics Aviphot Color N400 PE1 uMulti-purpose film uCan be imaged at 400 ASA and 640 ASA speed setting u 400 ASA = regular colour saturation when processed for 3 min 17 seconds u 640 ASA = high colour saturation when processed for 5 min 20 seconds; Used in early and late season, or for flights in poor light conditions uLow granularity, very good resolution (emulsion based on the APS film technology)

Aerial Photography 44 Recording Film Characteristics uAviphot color X100 PE1 u Unmasked negative aerial film u High color saturation (inter-image effects ) u Processes well in C-41or AP70. u APS film generation u extremely low grain u very high sharpness (highest in the market) u Back-layer against scratches and anti-Newton rings

Aerial Photography 45 Recording films Characteristics u Low to high altitude film u 3min15s development: low contrast ( important for large scale in winter period = long shadows) u 5min 20s development: high contrast ( altitudes up to ft - no color quipping in the image) u Designed for scanning u Low and neutral Dmin u bright and pure colors u no or little color balance adjustments after inversion

Aerial Photography 46 Recording Film Characteristics X-100 : AN-6 and C-41 processing ? - initial AN-6 development: OK -present AN-6 generates a high fog on X-100 “ we are dealing with this problem “

Aerial Photography 47 Recording Film Characteristics X-100 with improved UV layer

Aerial Photography 48 Recording films Characteristics uAviphot color N800 PE1 u masked color negative processable in C-41 u low altitude/ low light / fast moving object applications u military and civil applications u regular color saturation type u High speed (800 to 1600 asa when pushed ) u PET base with Special back for fast film transport/winding u APS film u fine grain, high sharpness

Aerial Photography 49 Copying Materials uAssortment uCharacteristics

Aerial Photography 50 Copying Materials Assortment Copying FilmProcessing Avitone CP 94Agfacolor Process AP94 Diaps from masked an unmasked negatives (= RA-4) °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° Avitone CP70Agfacolor Process AP70 High quality diaps fromAgfacolor Process AP94 masked and unmasked negs( = C-41 or RA-4)

Aerial Photography 51 Colour duplication film Characteristics uAvitone CP70 u Extreme high resolution film for color diapositives u Extreme fine grain u Smooth color rendering u low contrast for shadow detail for large scale applications u On 180µ (7 mils) Pet stable base u Allows copying of high res films (X100,N400) without losses u UNRIVALED QUALITY u Universal processing. u longer exposure times than CP94

Aerial Photography 52 Copying Materials Characteristics Avitone CP 94 uGenerates slides from colour negatives uHigh sensitivity shortens exposure time and boosts production uShort processing time contributes to swift colour corrections uProcessing in AP94 or RA-4 chemicals (in Duraclear mode) uFreshening of flat colours uAccepts writing by laser (for contacts or projections) uColour density range up to 3 uDimensionally stable PET on 180 µm base

Aerial Photography 53 CP 70 / CP 94 IMAGES cp70 cp94

Aerial Photography 54 Copying materials Assortment Papers Rapitone aerial color paper C1 (glossy) Rapitone aerial color paper C2 (semi-matt) - restricted assortment of formats and rolls - regular saturation paper - AP94 processing = RA-4 processing

Aerial Photography 55 After Sales Application Support Processing Control SPC (Statistics Process Control) support programme Pre-exposed wedges on Pan 200 Sensitometric graph paper for B/W curves Aerial Sensitometer Aviphot Perfect unexposed wedges on Aviphot Pan 200

Aerial Photography 56 AVISENSE

Aerial Photography 57 Dodging Printer Scanatron uRoll film handling uHigh energy output = short exposure times uColour and B/W film handling uWorld-wide Scanatron support

Aerial Photography 58 P11AN ECM-dodging printer with automatic transport

Aerial Photography 59 Processors Colenta uFull range of aerial colour and black-and-white processors uColour and B/W paper processing uWorld-wide Colenta support

Aerial Photography 60 Barbieri Densitometers u Hand held Densitometers u For paper and film / colour and black & white uColour Management System u QC-Xpert Software for process control

Agfa - Scanatron - Colenta The Winning Team