Chapter 6 Section 2 Objectives: To summarize the developing foreign policy with France, Great Britain and Spain To explain how the United States dealt with the Native Americans and with British interests in the West. To identify some of the deep divisions between Federalists and Republicans

What were the differences between the Federalists and the Jeffersonians regarding the French revolution?

Response to the F. Revolution Violence made America question their motives Declaration of Neutrality  Edmond Genet – French diplomat Tried to recruit soldiers for the war effort, infuriated Washington Jefferson resigned – why?

Edmond Genêt by Ezra Ames, 1809–1810 Citizen Edmond Genêt's visit caused the first major diplomatic crisis in the new nation. His attempts to enlist Americans in support of the French Revolution raised troubling questions about the international role of the United States. (Collection of the Albany Institute of History and Art. Bequest of George Genêt.) KEY IDEA: Jefferson resigns in 1793, frustrated with Hamilton and the administration’s policies Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

The Proclamation of Neutrality 1793 Whereas it appears that a state of war exists between Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, Great Britain, and the United Netherlands, of the one part, and France on the other; and the duty and interest of the United States require, that they should with sincerity and good faith adopt and pursue a conduct friendly and impartial toward the belligerant Powers; I have therefore thought fit by these presents to declare the disposition of the United States to observe the conduct aforesaid towards those Powers respectfully; and to exhort and warn the citizens of the United States carefully to avoid all acts and proceedings whatsoever, which may in any manner tend to contravene such disposition. And I do hereby also make known, that whatsoever of the citizens of the United States shall render himself liable to punishment or forfeiture under the law of nations, by committing, aiding, or abetting hostilities against any of the said Powers, or by carrying to any of them those articles which are deemed contraband by the modern usage of nations, will not receive the protection of the United States, against such punishment or forfeiture; and further, that I have given instructions to those officers, to whom it belongs, to cause prosecutions to be instituted against all persons, who shall, within the cognizance of the courts of the United States, violate the law of nations, with respect to the Powers at war, or any of them…. George Washington April 22, 1793

Jay’s Treaty 1794 Jay’s Treaty: + British pledge to evacuate US soil They should have already done this in 1783 US bound to pay pre-revolutionary accounts to Brit. Merchants Jeffersonian South would have to pay the majority of these debts. OVERALL: - Negative result Treaty hurts Republicans, Washington, & vitalizes the Republican party

Pinckney’s Treaty 1795 Pinckney’s Treaty: + Spain meets all of US demands + Spain concedes disputed land in N. Florida to US +Spain grants navigation rights on the Mississippi to Americans OVERALL: Positive Result

Native Americans Resist White Settlers 1783 British operating frontier forts on US soil 1790: Gen. Harmar (US) defeated by Chief Little Turtle and the Miami Indians 1791: Gen. St. Clair (US) defeated by the Miami 1794: Gen. Wayne (US) wins Battle of Fallen Timbers against Miami Indians, & proves the Miami were supported by British arms/Canadians 1795: Treaty of Greenville, Indians cede Ohio to US

Washington’s Farewell Address In relation to the still subsisting war in Europe, my proclamation of the twenty-second of April, I793, is the index of my plan. Sanctioned by your approving voice, and by that of your representatives in both houses of Congress, the spirit of that measure has continually governed me, uninfluenced by any attempts to deter or divert me from it. After deliberate examination, with the aid of the best lights I could obtain, I was well satisfied that our country, under all the circumstances of the case, had a right to take, and was bound in duty and interest to take, a neutral position. Having taken it, I determined, as far as should depend upon me, to maintain it, with moderation, perseverance, and firmness… …The duty of holding a neutral conduct may be inferred, without anything more, from the obligation which justice and humanity impose on every nation, in cases in which it is free to act, to maintain inviolate the relations of peace and amity towards other nations. The inducements of interest for observing that conduct will best be referred to your own reflections and experience. With me a predominant motive has been to endeavor to gain time to our country to settle and mature its yet recent institutions, and to progress without interruption to that degree of strength and consistency which is necessary to give it, humanly speaking, the command of its own fortunes.

Growing Danger of Sectionalism Election of 1796 Adams (Federalist) receives 71 electoral votes. Jefferson (Republican) receives 68 electoral votes. ALMOST ALL OF JEFFERSON’S VOTES COME FROM THE SOUTH, ADAMS WINS ALMOST ALL OF HIS VOTES IN THE NORTH. Adams becomes President, Jefferson is Vice-President. Is the new nation already coming apart?

XYZ Affair Adams sends 3 men to France in response to them criticizing Jay’s Treaty. $250,000 bribe to see Tallyrand! “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute.” America authorizes a Navy Marine Corps is created. Undeclared naval war for next two years

Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 Federalists accuse Republicans of being dangerous and disloyal. Many immigrants are Republicans. The Alien and Sedition Acts are passed: 1. Increase naturalization req. from 5 to 14 years 2. Allow the President to deport anyone he considers “undesirable.” 3. Federalists use the acts to try and jail Republican editors, writers, and politicians for being “seditious.”

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions The Republicans consider the Alien and Sedition Act to be an assault on the First Amendment. Jefferson and Madison draft a resolution in the Virginia state Legislature declaring the Alien and Sedition Act unconstitutional. Virginia and Kentucky claim the right of nullification = the power to declare null and void federal laws that go beyond the powers granted to the federal government by the Constitution. ENDURING QUESTION: WHO HAS THE LAST WORD? STATES OR THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT?

6.2 Organizer Cause and Effect Edmund Genet Affair Expansion West Jay’s Treaty Rising Sectionalism XYZ Affair Tensions b/w Federalists & Republicans Alien and Sedition Acts VA & KY Resolutions French Revolution Pinckney’s Treaty Battle of Fallen Timbers Election of 1796 Jay’s Treaty XYZ Affair Tensions b/w Federalists & Republicans Alien and Sedition Acts

TERMS Neutrality Edmond Genet Thomas Pinckney Little Turtle John Jay Sectionalism XYZ Affair Alien and Sedition Acts Nullification