Cleared Term DBV 23 July 2013

Key dates February 2014: March 17 2014: April 2014: Market testing on an end-to-end LCH.Clearnet/CREST test platform March 17 2014: Euroclear UK & Ireland launch underpinning settlement changes to the CREST system. April 2014: LCH.Clearnet launch their new Term £GC service and start the transition from the current Sterling GC service.

AGENDA Term DBV: a perspective from the Bank’s front office Andrew Hauser: Head of Sterling Markets Division The case for change Toby Davies: Head of Market Services Division Key features of the new Cleared Term DBV service CREST system enhancements: David Nicholas, Euroclear UK & Ireland. New Term £GC product: Nigel Bradley, LCH.Clearnet. Sub-group update, and member actions required Ian Fox: Chair, MMLG sub-group for Cleared Term DBV. Q&A (Panel session) Closing remarks Ian Mair: Chair, London Money Market Association

Cleared Term DBV 23 July 2013

Term DBV: a perspective from the Bank’s front office Andrew Hauser Head, Sterling Markets Division Chair of Money Market Liaison Group Chair of Securities Lending and Repo Committee

From small acorns...

...secured flows now dwarf unsecured Average daily turnover in sterling money market (Nov 2012)

Gradual shift to secured: a global trend Secured transactions as share of total turnover

Improving market resilience Repo reduces (though not eliminates!) counterparty risk But highly collateralised world increases macroprudential risks – some of which crystallised during the financial crisis Global response overseen by Financial Stability Board: Main focus on ‘procyclicality’ But mitigating operational risk also important UK challenges not on same scale as eg US triparty - but mismatch between daily DBV settlement unwind and term of underlying deals does pose operational and liquidity risks

Term DBV volumes: the only way is up!

The Bank’s front office interests Broad interest in stability of the market: key transmission channel for monetary policy DBV central to Bank’s own operations: Peak daily value during crisis = £85bn From July 2011, Bank counterparties have had option of using Term DBV in OMOs and OSFs... ...and we made it clear that we were ‘minded to discontinue use of Rolling Overnight DBV’ MMLG oversight

“The system may be safer, but what’s in it for me?” Safer system benefits everyone, but also... Settlement costs and exposures (Toby Davies will cover) Margin costs (LCH.Clearnet will cover)

“The system may be safer, but what’s in it for me?” Safer system benefits everyone, but also... Settlement costs and exposures (Toby Davies will cover) Margin costs (LCH.Clearnet will cover) Front office engagement crucial to success of the exercise Good practice guidelines (Toby/Ian will cover)

Cleared Term DBV 23 July 2013

The case for change Toby Davies Head of Market Services Division 23 July 2013

Current DBV mechanism Current overnight DBV model is tried-and-tested low cost easy way of delivering market-defined baskets of GC no substitutions or mark-to-market needed because collateral is returned every morning reliable But it masks hidden issues an inefficient and risky churn of daily return and reissue dependency on provision of central bank liquidity through auto collateralised repo to fund intraday positions

Risks In the event of a counterparty or system-wide outage intraday between morning unwind and afternoon re-input: DBV counterparties would be left holding the ‘wrong’ asset counterparties would be required to manage liquidity dislocation DBV counterparties and their CREST settlement banks would be left with credit exposures the Bank would be left with intra-day liquidity extension to settlement banks that might need to be converted into overnight facilities The values are substantial

11 November 2011 Severe SWIFT outage on 11 November 2011 meant many of the day’s DBVs (including LCH’s) could not be submitted until very late in the day DBV value input after the outage was resolved was £159bn Outstanding IDL (a large proportion of which is normally repaid automatically in afternoon DBVs) was at £82bn at the point of failure

The challenge The Bank has been exercised by the risks for many years Objective is to align the settlement arrangements with the underlying economic terms of the repo not to change the fundamental form of the trade The challenge is to reduce risks while retaining the benefits of the DBV basket collateral mechanism. The introduction of Term DBV within CREST in 2011 provided an underlying mechanism but could not gain sufficient traction without being cleared through LCH.C which accounts for ~40% of DBV value settled.

Key characteristics Principal exchanged on term basis Daily mark-to-market Automatic and manual substitution

Benefits From reduction in daily cash and collateral settlement flow in aggregate, less credit needed for settlement reduced position management ahead of DBV settlement window reduced reliance on central bank liquidity provision Tail risk reduced risk from operational interruption only overnight and new business exposed to intraday interruption reduced potential dislocation of liquidity

Good market practice is essential collateral giver to maintain pool of eligible collateral to feed mark-to-market and substitutions collateral taker to ensure substitutions do not fail by keeping received collateral available for substitution and return CREST is able to manage substitutions because it recognises a closed loop of collateral given/received in DBV. This breaks down if you deliver away received stock other than as DBV. Two approaches: Hold stock in segregated account Careful position management

Summary Focus today is LCH introduction of a cleared Term GC product. The issue is to align the settlement process with the economic terms of the repo without fundamentally changing the latter The objective is to reduce potentially significant risk in the event of a counterparty or system-wide outage that prevents DBV settlement The change will need to be carefully coordinated. Over to David Nicholas to describe the EUI changes, before Nigel Bradley sets out the LCH product changes.

Cleared Term DBV 23 July 2013

Clearing Term DBV Bank of England Seminar 23 July 2013

Functional Overview Input and selection Mark to Market Uses existing DBV algorithm (basket based and size first) Return date (1 day – 2 years) Settling between 3:00pm and 4:10pm Mark to Market Overnight: identifies DBVs that are incorrectly collateralised (based on closing price) Intraday: Generates transaction to rebalance collateral levels to cover cash value of transaction Generated (in full or partial) if stock is available Links across multiple transaction legs (even where position is flat)

Functional Overview Substitutions (Eligibility & Giver Recall) Automatic recall based on Corporate Action or settlement need Delivery versus delivery Runs throughout the day to support settlement fails Recall/substitution possible over a wide chain/array of transactions Adjustments Ability to adjust the value of collateral sought, consideration or length of term during the term of the DBV Interest Calculation Interest accrued daily for length of term (TDI)

Recall Substitution Simple Substitution (Bilateral model) Day 1: delivers £100m DBV (UBG) 7 day term Day 2: Party A delivers £25m gilt 1 to Party C DBV £100m UBG Party A Party B 7 day term £50m Gilt 1 £50m Gilt 2 £100m Gilt 3 Party A Party B Sub (TDG) £25m Gilt 3 £75m Gilt 3 Sub (TDG) £25m Gilt 1 £25m Gilt 1 £50m Gilt 2 £25m Gilt 3 DEL £25m Gilt 1 Party C

Recall Substitution Complex Substitution Mbr F Mbr H Mbr X Mbr A Mbr B CCP is less vulnerable to subs fails given the large number of counterparty holdings TDG £5m Gilt 2 Mbr F Mbr H DEL £30m Mbr X Mbr A TDG £5m Gilt 1 Gilt 1 TDG £10m Gilt 2 TDG £30m Gilt 2 TDG £10m Gilt 1 Mbr B TDG £30m Gilt 1 Mbr G LCH TDG £20m Gilt 2 Mbr C TDG £20m Gilt 1 Mbr H Mbr D Mbr I Mbr E

Cleared Term DBV Enhancements Direct input of Term DBVs and Term DBV Adjustments from LCH.C Support settlement of Giver Recall Substitutions, Term DBV Maturity Returns and Own Account Transfers alongside DBV settlement in order to satisfy settlement efficiency/minimise fails Support early closing of a open term DBV via LCH Substitutions triggered by Term DBV Amendment (during DBV settlement) Removal of diary time slicing (full availability of substitutions) Support of negative interest rates

Market Practice Successful operation of substitution functionality – dependant on collateral being maintained within collateral arrangements (no onward Delivery of Collateral other than by Term DBV) Substitution not possible where collateral moved outside collateral arrangements No enforcement tools No Settlement Discipline regime Requires adherence to good market practice Options to avoid unintentional delivery of collateral outside of collateral arrangements: Account Segregation - Main Trading and Collateral Accounts Single Account – inventory management challenge

Account Segregation DBVs ‘Collateral Account’ separate from Main Trading Account Advantages: no possibility of unintentional delivery of collateral outside of collateral arrangements Clear view of Available Balance (securities available to trade/deliver) Disadvantages Account rebalancing necessary (top up/draw downs) Own Account Transfers in DBV settlement window Movements in individual lines of securities

Single Account Single account for all activity (DBVs and Main Trading Account) Advantages: Maximum flexibility Disadvantages Requires accurate management of positions Clear view of what is held as collateral What is available for delivery To support a single account: Addition of ‘non Collateral Balance’ to CREST GUI and FT DEX messages (derived) – visibility of unencumbered balance Available Balance – Collateral Balances

DBV Reporting Tools To support the market: Report per participant Highlighting any inadvertent breaches of good practice Nil Return Report – confirming non-breaches Monthly summary reports No participant details Persistent breaches – highlighted to participants individually

Testing Availability Test Environment available for testing Term DBV functionality Block Booking – Nov/Dec 2013 No charge for testing during this period

Cleared Term DBV 23 July 2013

Term £GC Product Overview Bank of England 23 July 2013

Term £GC Overview Term £GC Sterling GC Trading TDBV Settlement GB00B1347K44 GB00BC7H8L40 TDBV Settlement DBV Settlement Term £GC Product Definition Sterling GC Product Definition Features of cleared product Settlement mechanism   Term £GC Key Benefits Reduced operational risk and settlement credit needs due to the elimination of the requirement for daily return of cash and collateral compared to the current Sterling GC product. Introduction of margin offsets between trades relating to specific bonds e.g. the existing cleared Gilts market, and allocations resulting from Term £GC trades.

Term £GC Overview Sterling denominated repo trades based on the CREST Unstripped British Government (“UBG”) Delivery by Value (“DBV”) class.   Term £GC will be made available for trading via electronic trading platforms and anonymous trading will be available. Bilateral and voice brokered trades will also be supported. Overnight trades and term trades (up to 374 day term) accepted. Settlement, using Euroclear UK & Ireland’s (“EUI”) Term DBV (“TDBV”) settlement platform, is instructed by RepoClear and automatically matched via the Direct Input facility. Collateral allocated as part of a Term £GC trade can be substituted in the same manner as any other collateral utilised within the TDBV environment. Participants’ positions will be maintained in CREST utilising standard Mark to Market functionality augmented with LCH.Clearnet Risk management processes.

Term £GC – Trading, Clearing and Settlement

Trade Registration Trade registration supported from 07.00 to 18.00 (all times are London time) Cut off for registration of trades for same day settlement: 14.30 Fixed term trades Fixed repo rate (positive, negative or zero) Cash fill basis (defined in GBP) Based on EUI’s definition of Unstripped British Gilt (“UBG”) class Consistent with Sterling GC LCH.Clearnet retains ability to exclude specific ISINs Overnight to 374 day terms will be supported Forward start periods of up to 374 days ISIN listed n Bloomberg.

Risk Management Initial Margin   Term £GC trades will be margined both intra-day and at end of day. For trades received on a same day settlement basis, IM will initially be calculated based on a synthetic allocation of bonds. Once the settlement allocations are known, positions will be margined based on the actual allocations as part of all subsequent margining processes. Initial margin offsets will be supported between Term £GC trades and trades executed against specific collateral cleared via the existing Gilts market. Variation Margin Variation Margin will be called to reflect the change in the net present value of the repo interest only. Delivery Margin Delivery Margin will not be applicable to Term £GC (as per Sterling GC).

Risk Management Intra-day Risk Management   Term £GC will utilise the standard CREST TDBV functionality which adjusts collateral levels on a daily basis to ensure that the value of collateral appropriately covers the cash value of the transaction. This will be augmented with an additional level of market risk management by LCH.Clearnet

Settlement Netting The settlement netting process for Term £GC will be run as two independent steps: “Term Netting” and “End Date Netting” Term Date Netting The Term Netting process will seek to offset trades for which settlement will be instructed “Today” (Day1 in the graphic) where trades have the same start and end date. As per the graphic, in the Day 1 Term Netting process, trades 1 and 2 are netted to produce a settlement instruction for +£30mn End Date Netting This process examines the positions that have been instructed for settlement in CREST previously and determines whether those existing positions can be increased or decreased in size, or potentially terminated in order to minimize the level of open positions within the TDBV settlement platform for the participant. On Day 1 there are no positions that have been previously instructed for settlement, so no End Date netting takes place.

Settlement Netting TDBV Settlement Position in CREST following Day 1 netting As a result of the netting and settlement instruction which took place on Day 1, there is now a settlement position in place in CREST for +£30mn which has an end date of day 7. On day 2, there is only a single trade for the counterparty so no Term Date netting can take place. However the trade for -£20mn with an end leg settlement date of the day 7 must be considered for End Date netting. Thus, the new trade and the existing position are End Date netted and the existing TDBV position in CREST is reduced from £30mn to £10mn. TDBV Settlement Position in CREST following Day 2 netting Mention that there are multiple possible outcomes of this end date netting process. Existing value can Increase decrease or be cancelled.

Settlement Netting Repo Interest A separate netting process is utilised with respect to repo interest payments such that, on a daily basis, a single net repo interest payment in respect of all closing trades is instructed to CREST for settlement as a cash-only payment . This mirrors the process that is used in the current Sterling GC product.   Settlement Instruction LCH.Clearnet submits all settlement instructions using the CREST Direct Input facility so that participants do not need to instruct or match in CREST themselves as a “business as usual” activity. This facility is used for all settlement instruction including the amendment of the size/early termination of settlement positions.

Substitution of Collateral The use of collateral substitution within the Term £GC product is twofold: In line with the bilateral market, substitution will be used by collateral givers where a specific bond is required in relation to a participant’s Delivery vs. Payment or Free of Payment transaction. In relation to the Term £GC product specifically, substitution transactions will be automatically generated to support the return of the correct collateral to its original giver as part of the end leg settlement process. The volume of substitution transactions which could be generated as a result of collateral return process may be significant: On any given day there are likely to be multiple givers of collateral to LCH.Clearnet and multiple recipients of collateral from LCH.Clearnet. Collateral delivered to LCH.Clearnet on an overnight basis may be allocated to a collateral taker on a term basis.   It is essential that collateral which is allocated to participants as a result of the settlement of Term £GC trades is available for substitution using standard CREST Term DBV functionality. Any costs incurred by LCH.Clearnet as a result of substitution failure in these circumstances will be charged to the member who fails to support the requested substitution.

Tariff Structure Registration Fees   Registration fees for Term £GC trades will be charged on an ad-valorem basis as per the below table using a 360 day count convention: The first 1-7 days @ 0.00275% The next 8-90 days @ 0.00225% The next 91+ days @ 0.00100% In addition, a processing fee of £0.70 is levied per registered trade. This fee structure is the same as that which is currently in place for Sterling GC. Settlement Fees Settlement related costs incurred by LCH.Clearnet in settling participants’ Term £GC positions in the EUI Term DBV settlement system will be recovered from participants.

Programme Timeline What is available now?   Clients wishing to clear Term Sterling GC will need to interact directly with the CREST TDBV system. The CREST TDBV test environments are already available for Clients to utilise in their internal development processes.    The Term £GC product description is published which can be used as a basis for Participants internal development processes. Additional technical specifications will be available from both LCH.Clearnet and EUI in September 2013. EUI are developing additional functionality for LCH.Clearnet to support Term £GC, which is scheduled to go live on 17 March 2014. LCH.Clearnet Member testing scheduled to commence February/March 2014. Term £GC will go live in April 2014, following a period of around a month of the CREST changes running in the production environment. What is available now? Implementation timeline

Transition of Liquidity to Term £GC Following the go-live of Term £GC, the current Sterling GC product will be continue to be available for a period of time and the two products will be supported in parallel. Whilst pragmatic as a short term solution, this approach is likely to lead to an undesirable split of liquidity across the two products. Will seek to create an environment where a high proportion of existing Sterling GC users are able to trade the new Term £GC product from launch such that there is a natural transfer of liquidity into Term £GC. At a point in time three months after the launch of Term £GC it is proposed to withdraw the Sterling GC product such that new trades can no longer be registered. Based on the current maturity profile of Sterling GC, 99% of all open trades would mature within the 3 month period leaving only a small proportion of trades to be transferred across to the new product.

Contacts and Additional Information For further information on the Term £GC product, please contact: Manisha Mistry Email: Manisha.Mistry@LCHClearnet.com Tel: +44 20 7426 7199 Or Nick Maggs Email: Nick.Maggs@LCHClearnet.com Tel: +44 20 7426 7442

Cleared Term DBV 23 July 2013

Cleared Term DBV Sub-group Update Member Actions Required Ian Fox 23 July 2013

PROGRESS SO FAR Initiative launched by Chris Salmon 24th Jan 2013 – speech to LMMA Sub-group of MMLG created to co-ordinate the work required to introduce and adopt the new product Sub-group includes representatives from EUI, CREST, LMMA, DMO, ISLA, Bank of England, major repo trading banks Product design proposed by LCH / EUI and agreed Implementation timelines drawn up Changed cost impacts assessed Market discipline regime agreed

MARKET ADOPTION IS KEY Objective has always been to get widespread support to ensure good market liquidity Aim of the sub-group is therefore ensuring that the product is fit for purpose for market participants and they are ready to use it – this is key to finalising the implementation process Sub-group has been widened to ensure greater representation Communication of CTDBV plans through: MMLG SLRC LMMA ISLA BBA Major market traders

MEMBER ACTIONS REQUIRED Expectation that new CTDBV product will be introduced in mid 2014 – so preparations should begin now if not already started: Full understanding of product design, settlement routine changes Asses impact on existing business / trading habits Scope changes to existing processes / habits Model cost impacts Engage with LCH / EUI as necessary (detailed documentation available on websites) Ensure suitable collateral position monitoring and management Timely focus on IT changes (if required) Commit resources to market testing of both BAU and migration process Existing LCH DBV product will be discontinued after a short period of parallel running (EUI o/n DBV product will continue)

LLOYDS – PREPARATIONS UNDERWAY Front Office and Back Office have been engaged on the project since January. Full understanding of product and changed trading and settlement requirements. Little technical IT changes required. Main action is to segregate CTDBV from trading inventory – separate CREST accounts and enhanced Front Office MI. Modelling of settlement / trading cost impacts has been performed. Review of policy and procedure documents – including second line oversight review. Will be fully engaged in testing. Counterparty engagement to follow.

NEXT STEPS Sub-group will continue to steer through CTDBV – particular focus on testing outcomes Continued communication as wide as possible Comments / issues welcomed Bank of England will write to market participants in September to get confirmation of market readiness New product could be used to term out current large o/n DBV positions used to collateralise stock borrowing transactions

GOOD PRACTICE FRAMEWORK Fails – not acceptable, but no financial penalties beyond recharge of costs incurred Exploring feasibility of daily fails reporting Exploring feasibility of system flags to avoid stock being removed from the CTDBV cycle Existing EUI / LCH rules to apply, updated as required Bank of England to update 2011 “TDBV Good Market Practice” document Eventual update to Gilt Repo Code of Conduct Default position is that “trading to fail” is unacceptable, accidental fails should be avoided

QUESTIONS

Closing remarks www.LMMA.org.uk Ian Mair: Chair, London Money Market Association email: itmconsulting@btinternet.com www.LMMA.org.uk

Cleared Term DBV 23 July 2013