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Page 15 Lesson 4 The “Source” of the Power

L 14 W ARM- U P # 1 Imagine what life would be like IF: There were NO government or laws that regulated the behavior of people? People could do whatever they pleased? Thomas Hobbes describe this situation as “the state of nature”. CHAOS LAW OF THE JUNGLE UNCERTAINBRUTISH Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power

L 14 Sooooo, why do people come together and live in groups or societies? W ARM- U P # 2 Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power

L EARNING T ARGETS:  social contract  natural rights  popular sovereignty VOCAB Key Vocabulary to add to Flashcard List (1-7)  I can explain three common ideas where the power of government came from.  I can explain how the social contract works. R 15  force theory  divine right of kings  monarchy  absolute monarchy E SSENTIAL Q UESTION How does a government get the “authority” to rule? Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power

Place the Reading on Social Contract Theory & John Locke L 16 As you read the handout, CIRCLE any words you don’t know, HIGHLIGHT or UNDERLINE important information. Answer each Comprehension Question in the margin. Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power Social Contract Theory and John Locke Man, in his earliest times, lived in a “state of nature” or unbridled freedom. The “law of the jungle” ruled mankind. Each man could do as he pleased and in any manner as he chose, as long as he could physically do it. That which he could take by force was his, and remained his for as long as he could hold it. All men were free in this way. Therefore, each man was only as safe as his own physical prowess and watchfulness could make him. His life in the state of nature was “nasty, brutish, and short.” According to the social contract theory, men overcame their unpleasant condition by agreeing with one another to form a group and create a “community”. In other words, individual humans gave up some of their independence and freedom in order to enjoy the benefits of social life. Each person agreed to live within the rules of the social group or community. This was the birth of “civil society”. The way the civil society maintained order and made decisions is its government. The government and the state became the same thing. By contract, men within a given area joined together, each agreed to give up to the group (state) as much power as was needed to promote the safety and well-being of all. In the contract, the members of the group created a government to exercise the powers which they had voluntarily granted to the state. The social contract theory argues that the state arose out of a voluntary act of free men. It holds that the state exists only to serve the will of the people, that they are the sole source of political power, and that they are free to give or withhold that power as they choose. The form of government did not matter. The concern was how well the government leaders served the people. For their part, individual citizens were expected to follow the rules and limitations established by the group and its government – value law, order, and social stability. They were to do their very best to prosper as individuals so that society as a whole could be improved. They assume their duties and obligations to their society when called upon to do so, such as being soldiers in times of defense and paying taxes to run the government. 1.What was the original condition man lived in? 2.In the “state of nature”, what is man’s main task? 3.What are the benefits of living in a group as opposed to by yourself? 4.What is a “contract”? 5.The two sides in a social contract are the ___________ and the ___________. 6.What obligations and responsibilities does the individual have to the group and state?

Man, in his earliest times, lived in a “state of nature” or unbridled freedom. The “law of the jungle” ruled mankind. Each man could do as he pleased and in any manner as he chose, as long as he could physically do it. That which he could take by force was his, and remained his for as long as he could hold it. All men were free in this way. Therefore, each man was only as safe as his own physical prowess and watchfulness could make him. His life in the state of nature was “nasty, brutish, and short.” 1.What was the original condition man lived in? 2.In the “state of nature”, what is man’s main task? THE STATE OF NATURE UNBRIDLED FREEDOM LIFE WAS NASTY, BRUTISH, AND SHORT TO DO AS HE PLEASED AS LONG AS HE WAS ABLE TO DO IT LIFE WAS NOT VERY ENJOYABLE SO… PEOPLE DECIDED TO COME TOGETHER AND LIVE IN GROUPS. BUT SOON PEOPLE TOOK CONTROL OF THE GROUP OR OTHER GROUPS. SURVIVE An example of this? “The Walking Dead” “Revolution”

FORCE THEORY the belief that the “state” started when a person or group claimed control over an area and forced the people within to submit to their rule Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power Often these early governments were… MONARCHY a “state” ruled or headed by a monarch such as a king or queen Frequently these “monarchs” were…

ABSOLUTE MONARCHY a ruler who governs alone and is not restrained by laws, a constitution, or custom Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power Later, the “power” or the ruler was supported by the belief… DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS the belief that the right of rule derives (comes) directly from God and not from the consent of the people In other words, kings ruled because it was THEIR RIGHT to rule because they were king!

According to the social contract theory, men overcame their unpleasant condition by agreeing with one another to form a group and create a “community.” In other words, individual humans gave up some of their independence and freedom in order to enjoy the benefits of social life. Each person agreed to live within the rules of the social group or community. This was the birth of “civil society.” The way the civil society maintained order and made decisions is its government. The government and the state became the same thing. By contract, men within a given area joined together, each agreed to give up to the group (state) as much power as was needed to promote the safety and well-being of all. In the contract, the members of the group created a government to exercise the powers which they had voluntarily granted to the state. 3.What are the benefits of living in a group as opposed to by yourself? 4.What is a “contract”? 5.The two sides in a social contract are the _______ and the _____________. HELP ONE ANOTHER SAFETY AND SECURITY AN AGREEMENT BETWEEN TWO OR MORE PARTIES PEOPLE GOVERNMENT

The social contract theory argues that the state arose out of a voluntary act of free men. It holds that the state exists only to serve the will of the people, that they are the sole source of political power, and that they are free to give or withhold that power as they choose. The form of government did not matter. The concern was how well the government leaders served the people. For their part, individual citizens were expected to follow the rules and limitations established by the group and its government – value law, order, and social stability. They were to do their very best to prosper as individuals so that society as a whole could be improved. They assume their duties and obligations to their society when called upon to do so, such as being soldiers in times of defense and paying taxes to run the government. 6.What obligations and responsibilities does the individual have to the group and state? FOLLOW THE RULES AND LIMITATIONS OF SOCIETY DO THEIR BEST ASSUME THEIR DUTIES WHEN CALLED UPON POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY the people are the source of any and all government power SOCIAL CONTRACT an implied agreement among people that results in the organization of society individuals surrender liberty in return for protection and the benefits of group life

Under the social contract, people accepted the fact that the society, by way of the government, laws and social pressure, had the right to limit and interfere with individuals. However, the limitations and interference must be based on principles that were in the best interest of the people in general. In other words, the society or government could interfere if it did not violate the rights of all citizens in the society and would benefit the society as a whole. When individuals did not fulfill their duties or harmed or limited the society, these individuals could be punished. The people gave the government the power and authority to make and enforce laws and punish the disobedient. 7.What obligations does the state have to the individual? 8.What should happen to people who don’t fulfill their obligations? SERVE THE WILL OF THE PEOPLE PROMOTE THE INTERESTS OF THE PEOPLE THE GOVERNMENT CAN PUNISH THE PEOPLE

Under the social contract, the government and its leaders ruled with the approval of the people. Therefore, the people had the right to disband the government or replace its leaders. This would only happen when the majority of people decided that its leaders no longer served the people and promoted their interests. The people thought this ability to disband an abusive government was their way to monitor and limit the power and actions of their government. They also thought that this would force their leaders to be directly responsible to the people. Most people in England and the American colonies believed that a social contract existed between the people and the king and Parliament. They believed it was an agreement people voluntarily accepted and that all members of the society, including the government, were obligated to fulfill their part of the agreement. The “Magna Carta”

The Enlightenment began in Europe, as scientists discovered natural laws governing the universe. For example, Isaac Newtown explained the law of gravity. Other Enlightenment thinkers applied the idea of natural law to human societies. The English philosopher John Locke argued that people have “natural rights.” These natural rights are guarantees all people have because they are humans. These are rights to life, liberty, and property. Locke, as part of the social contract, stated that people create governments to protect their natural rights. If a government fails in this duty, people have the right to change it. Locke also challenged the belief that kings had a God-given right to rule. 9.Locke stated all humans had three natural rights, the right to ________, _____________, and ________________. 10.As part of the social contract, Locke stated that the government was created to ___________ ________________. 11.If government harmed these rights, the people could _____________ ___________________ ___________________. LIFE LIBERTY PROPERTY PROTECT THESE RIGHTS REPLACE OR CHANGE THE GOVERNMENT NATURAL RIGHTS According to John Locke, all humans possess certain rights, freedoms, and privileges that are a basic part of human nature includes life, liberty, and property

Visualizing the Social Contract The Social Contract Government (Kings) Misuse Power Replace or Overthrow it Give Power Protect their Rights People L 16 Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power

P LACE THE C LASS N OTES R 17 Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power The Source of the Power A.In the past, how did rulers get their “power” to rule? 1._________ theory – the belief that a small group or a single person took control over an area and the people of the area are forced to submit to that person or group’s law 2._______________ of kings – the belief that the right of rule derives (comes) directly from God and not from the consent of the people B.Hobbes, Locke, and others challenged this 1.__________________________ – rulers receive the right to rule from the people, the __________ of the __________ 2.This form of government is called a ____________________ C.What is a “social contract”? 1.A ________________________ between people to form a ____________ for the _____________________ D.How does the social contract work? 1.The ____________ a. Give up ______________________________________ b. Agree to live within the ____________________________ c. Do their best to ______________ as individuals d. Assume the _________ and _________________ of society when called upon 2.The _______________________ a.Government had the right _______________ and _______________ with individuals b.When individuals ______________________________ or harmed society, these individuals could be ____________ c. Ruled with the approval of the __________ 3.Changing the contract a.If the government or leaders failed its duties or became abusive, it could ____________________________ b.This allows the people to __________ and ________ the _________ and ___________ of the government c.Force the leaders to be ___________________________ to the ____________ E.John Locke’s Ideas 1.______________ rights a.All people have because they are ____________ b.Include: __________ - ___________________________________________________________ 2.If a government fails its duty to protect these rights, ____________________________________________

The Source of the Power A.In the past, how did rulers get their “power” to rule? 1._________ theory – the belief that a small group or a single person took control over an area and the people of the area are forced to submit to that person or group’s law 2._______________ of kings – the belief that the right of rule derives (comes) directly from God and not from the consent of the people B.Hobbes, Locke, and others challenged this 1.__________________________ – rulers receive the right to rule from the people, the __________ of the __________ 2.This form of government is called a ____________________ C.What is a “social contract?” 1.A ___________________________ between people to form a ______________ for the ____________________________ Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power FORCE DIVINE RIGHT POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY SOCIAL CONTRACT VOLUNTARY AGREEMENT SOCIETYBENEFITS OF SOCIAL LIFE CONSENTPEOPLE

The Source of the Power D.How does the social contract work? 1.The ____________ a. Give up ______________________________________ b. Agree to live within the ____________________________ c. Do their best to ______________ as individuals d. Assume the _________ and _________________ of society when called upon 2.The _______________________ a. Government had the right _______________ and ________________ with individuals b. When individuals ______________________________ or harmed society, these individuals could be ____________ c. Ruled with the approval of the __________ Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power PEOPLE SOME INDEPENDENCE AND FREEDOM PROSPER DUTIESOBLIGATIONS RULES OF THE COMMUNITY GOVERNMENT LIMIT INTERFERE FAILED THEIR OBLIGATIONS PUNISHED PEOPLE

3.Changing the contract a.If the government or leaders failed its duties or became abusive, it could ____________________________ b.This allows the people to __________ and ________ the _________ and ___________ of the government c.Force the leaders to be ___________________________ to the ____________ E.John Locke’s Ideas 1.______________ rights a.All people have these because they are ____________ b.Include ______ - ___________________________________ __________ - ___________________________________ ____________ - ___________________________________ 2.If a government fails its duty to protect these rights, ____________________________________________ Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power REPLACED OR DISBANDED MONITORLIMIT POWERACTIONS DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE PEOPLE NATURAL HUMAN LIFE LIBERTY PROPERTY PEOPLE HAVE THE RIGHT TO CHANGE IT The PRESENT Choices you make NOW The FUTURE The REST of your life Nickelback Video – “Savin’ Me” The PRODUCT The RESULT of your choices and life

V IDEO The Philosophy of Liberty Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power We Exist in Time

V OCABULARY A CTIVITY  Part 1  Match the terms and the definitions  Part 2  Draw a sketch for each vocabulary term  Pictionary  NO words or numbers  Who will be the first to guess? Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power

W RAP- U P Why does THIS matter now? U.S. citizens believe the government has “authority” over us because WE, the citizens, give it power to carry out its desires. L 16 Lesson 4: The “Source” of the Power