Amanda L. Spiegel Huntingdon College International Studies and Political Science Capstone Fall 2007

Overview Defining Sovereignty The Rise of the Sovereign State The Changing Role of Sovereignty

Sovereignty Defined… “Sovereignty is the idea that there is a final and absolute political authority in the political community, and no final and absolute authority exists elsewhere.” –Hinsley Supreme Authority within a territory Absolute authority among a community Modern Powers of a Sovereign Nation

The Rise of the Sovereign State Developed in political ideology –Classical theory of sovereignty –Contemporary theory of sovereignty Developed in practice –Divine Right of Kings –Thirty Years ’ War –The French Revolution

ARISTOTLE

ARISTOTLE Politics (350 BCE ) “Man is by nature a political animal.” Organization of the polis Development of the state-citizen relationship Communitarian ideal

JEAN BODIN

JEAN BODIN Six Books on the Commonwealth (1576) “La puissance absoluë et perpetuelle d’une Republique.” Definition of the commonwealth Examined the causes for the preservation and the destruction of a nation-state

FRIEDRICH HAYEK

FRIEDRICH HAYEK (1937) Monetary Sovereignty Consumer sovereignty Economic interdependence of nations

SAMUEL P. HUNTINGTON

“The fault lines between civilizations will be the battle lines of the future.” Future conflict: – A shift from ideological to cultural conflicts Challenger civilizations to Western civilization: –Sinic and Islamic SAMUEL P. HUNTINGTON The Clash of Civilizations (1996)

The Rise of Sovereignty The works by classical and contemporary political scientists developed the theory of sovereignty The practice within historical events further developed the theory of sovereignty

The Divine Right of Kings Fortified throughout the Middle Ages Kantorowicz ’ s research of the king ’ s two bodies Developed from the “ two body ” theory of Christ –corpus naturale –corpus mysticum

The Social Contract Theory Advocated by Jean – Jacques Rousseau in his work Principes du Droit Politique Develops the theory of popular sovereignty Builds on Aristotle ’ s citizen-state relationship

The Thirty Years ’ War The Peace of Westphalia (1648) –Treaty of Osnabruck –Treaty of Munster Established territorial sovereignty Altered the relationship among a nation- state and its citizens

Self-Determination and Sovereignty Woodrow Wilson and “ Fourteen Points ” –Free trade –Open agreements –Democracy –Self - determination

Fundamental Concepts Democracy and Sovereignty Tension between Sovereignty and Globalization Interdependence of order, legitimacy, and general will

Krasner ’ s Elements of Sovereignty Domestic Sovereignty International Legal Sovereignty Interdependence Sovereignty Westphalian Sovereignty

The Changing Role of Sovereignty Tension between Sovereignty and Globalization Increase in supra-national organizations, such as the UN and EU Realization of cultural conflicts over territorial disputes

Conclusion The theory of sovereignty has been developed by political theory, as well as the events of history. An international society is not one with a single interest, but one that embraces diversity. The nation-state is the grantor and challenger to the changing role of sovereignty.

Further Reading… Bodin, Jean. Six Books on the Commonwealth. Oxford, England: Alden Press, Lake, David. "Reflection, Evaluation, Integration: The New Sovereignty in International Relations." International Studies Review Vol. 5, Krasner, Stephen. “Sharing Sovereignty: New Institutions for Collapsed and Failing States” International Security Vol. 29 No. 2, Shinoda, Hideaki. Examining Sovereignty: From Classical Theory to the Global Age. Basingstoke, England: Macmillan, Williams, Phil, et al. Classical Readings and Contemporary Debates in International Relations. Canada: Thomson Wadsworth, 2006.