Fungal Infections, Pathogenesis and Treatment

Fungal infections 400 out of 75,000 Primary infections Opportunistic infections Myco-toxins Allergy

Mycoses Superficial and cutaneous Subcutaneous Deep (systemic)

Examples of yeast of medical importance Candida species Cryptococcus neoformans Malassezia species

Examples of moulds of medical importance Dermatophytes Aspergillus species Zygomycetes

Superficial and Cutaneous Mycoses Skin, hair, nail and mucus membranes Most common World-wide Ringworm infections du to Dermatophytes Yeast infections due to Candida

pityriasis versicolor

pityriasis versicolor Direct examination pityriasis versicolor Filaments are not seen at unaffected skin sites or in culture

Tinea nigra

Skin scrapings Tinea nigra

Intertrigo caused by Canddia albicans

Dermatophytosis Dermatophytosis caused by M. canis following contact with infectious cat

Dermatophytosis direct skin examination

Dermatophytosis

Fungal nail infection

Subcutaneous Mycoses Skin, subcutaneous tissues, fascia and bone Localized Trauma More in tropics Mycetoma, chromomycosis and sporotrichosis

Mycetoma

Mycetoma

Sporotrichosis A 60-year-old woman developed multiple subcutaneous nodules and abscesses on her right hand and forearm 7 days after finger thorn prick

Chromoblastomycosis: Fonsecaea pedrosoi Classical Chromoblastomycosis: Fonsecaea pedrosoi De Hoog, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures

Nodulose chromoblastomycosis (Senegal): Fonsecaea pedrosoi De Hoog, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures

Systemic Mycoses Deep-seated Inhalation Primary (restricted) Opportunistic (world-wide)

Opportunistic fungal infections Aspergillosis Pulmonary Disseminated Para nasal sinusitis Candidiasis Candidemia Cryptococcus meningitis

Polyene antifungal agents Amphotericin B Nystatin

Azoles antifungal agents Clotrimazole Econazole Ketoconazole Miconazole Fluconazole Itraconazole Posaconazole Voriconazole

Other antifungal agents Echinocandins Anidulafungin Caspofungin Micafungin Terbinafine 5-fluorocytosine