Technical Advisory Service History of the glass 2008

History of the glass Origins Blown glass Manual production process Melting of glass Industrial production process Modern production process Modern glazing

History of the glass : Obsidian : Discovery ‘by chance’ of the glass melting (Persia – Mesopotamy)

History of the glass : Jewel in molted glass - (Phoenicia)

History of the glass -1500: Vases and vessels (Egypt)

History of the glass Origins Blown glass Manual production process Melting of glass Industrial production process Modern production process Modern glazing

History of the glass - 200: Glass blown with a pipe (Syria)

History of the glass Origins Blown glass Manual production process Melting of glass Industrial production process Modern production process Modern glazing

History of the glass -100: “1 st glazing”: Casted glass on table (Rome) 76: Pompei From 2 nd to 12 th : regression of the glass

History of the glass Stained glass

Sheet glass Crown Cylinder Mechanical cylinder Polished glass Casted on table 12 th 13 th 14 th 15 th 16 th 17 th 18 th 19 th 20 th Manual production process

History of the glass Crown method (6 th century)

History of the glass Cylinder method (12 th century)

History of the glass Cylinder method

History of the glass Blazed glass – Cylinder method

History of the glass 11 th century: Murano (Venice) 1665: Manufacture Royale des Glaces (St Gobain) 1688: Casted glass on table

History of the glass Casted glass on table – 17 st

History of the glass Grinding: 30 days Polishing: 12 days

History of the glass Evolution of the window: 15 th et 17 th centuries

History of the glass Evolution of window: Versailles

History of the glass Origins Blown glass Manual production process Melting of glass Industrial production process Modern production process Modern glazing

Pots 1875 : Bassins Melting of glass History of the glass

Origins Blown glass Manual production process Melting of glass Industrial production process Modern production process Modern glazing

Drawn sheet glass Fourcault Pittsburgh Libbey-Owens Polished glass Casted on table Bicheroux PPG Continuous process : Twin-douci 1955: Polished on line Industriel productions process

Drawn sheet glass History of the glass

Drawn sheet glass (vertical): Fourcault (1906) & Pittsburgh process

Drawn sheet glass (vertical) History of the glass

Drawn sheet glass (horizontal): Libbey-Owens process

History of the glass Polished glass – Casted on table

History of the glass Polished glass – Casted on table

History of the glass Polished glass – Bicheroux process

History of the glass Polished glass – Grinding and polishing

History of the glass Polished glass – Continuous process 1935: Twin grending 1955: Polished on line

History of the glass Origins Blown glass Manual production process Smelting of glass Industrial production process Modern production process Modern glazing

History of the glass 1959 – Float process 1. Basic products 2. Furnace 3. Tin bad 4. Annealing galery 5. Cutting 6. Stock

History of the glass Patterned and wired glass

History of the glass Origins Blown glass Manual production process Melting of glass Industrial production process Modern production process Modern glazing

History of the glass Laminated glass: 1909 Tempered glass:  1929 (automotive) Double glazing –Welded (Thermopane):  1940 –With metallic spacer:  1965

Technology Dial Sputtering Lodelinsart Magnetron sputtering Lodelinsart / Tiel / Teplice Pyrolytic (Spray) Moustier Pyrolytic (CVD) Moustier Single silver Thermoplus (+ temperable) Gold Thermoplus Thermoplus Comfort Planibel G Coated glass

Technology Dial Sputtering Lodelinsart Magnetron sputtering Lodelinsart Magnetron sputtering Lodelinsart Magnetron sputtering Lodelinsart Pyrolytic (Spray) Moustier Pyrolytic (Spray/CVD) Moustier Pyrolytic (CVD) Moustier Pyrolytic (CVD) Moustier Double silver Stopray Single silver Stopray Gold Stopray Stopsol Classic Stopsol Supersilver Stopsol Silverlight Sunergy Solarbel

Stopray Blue-grey 50/36 Brussels

Stopray doré 40/27 Spandrel Stopsol Classic + Colorbel Brussels

Glass industry Production Flat glass *Float *Patterned glass Holed glass: *Bottles *Packaging Technical glass: *fibers *foam *microballs *optical * … *Automotive *Furnitures *Silvering *Building: DG, coating, temprering, laminating Products for laboratory: decoration, lamps, … Lens, insulation, paints, medical application, … Processing History of the glass