Authors: Terekhova Oxana, Filippov Andrei 8b form 2010 Bondary secondary school

Sonnet Sonnet is a piece of verse consisting of fourteen decasyllabic lines, with rhymes arranged according to the certain definite scheme. The main characteristic of the “English” sonnet was the end-couplet.

The aim of research: The aim of research: analysis of Shakespeare’s sonnets. Tasks of research: 1. To answer “What is a sonnet”; 2. To define the themes of Shakespeare’s sonnets; 3. To clear up “Who is the main character of Shakespeare’s sonnets”; 4. Compare Shakespeare’s sonnets and their translations; 5. To make a survey among the pupils “What do you know about Shakespeare”.

Hypothesis If eternal values are sung in sonnets, sonnets will be read forever.

Course of research Find and read Shakespeare’s sonnets in English and in Russian languages; Define the themes of sonnets; Analyze the sonnets; Make a conclusion; Make a presentation of results.

На четырех на бронзовых своих Широких ножках, вроде львиных лап, Четырнадцатистрочный прочный стих Стоит в веках – и сдвинулся хотя б! Н. Матвеева «К сонету» The sonnet is one of several forms of lyric poetry originating in Europe. The term "sonnet" derives from the Occitan word sonet and the Italian word sonetto, both meaning "little song" or "little sound". The writers of sonnets are sometimes referred to as “sonneteers," although the term can be used derisively. One of the best-known sonnet writers is William Shakespeare, who wrote 154 of them (not including those that appear in his plays).

Structure and traits of sonnet’s language The sonnet always represents thesis, antithesis and synthesis. A Shakespearean, or English, sonnet consists of 14 lines, each line containing 10 syllables and written in iambic pentameter, in which a pattern of an unemphasized syllable followed by an emphasized syllable is repeated 5 times. The rhyme scheme in a Shakespearean sonnet is a-b-a-b, c-d-c-d, e-f-e-f, g-g; the last two lines are a rhyming couplet.

Content of sonnets The sonnet that Shakespeare inherited was a developed literary mode capable of great flexibility in spite of its apparently rigid structure. One of the principal themes of the Sonnets is Time and the extent to which anything can be permanent. Time is an important category in the work of art. The relations of time and space – chronotop - deal with the problem of genre. In literature the leading role belongs to the category of time.

Sonnets’ theme William Shakespeare's sonnets are stories about a handsome boy, or rival poet, and the mysterious and a loof "dark" lady they both love. The sonnets fall into three clear groupings: Sonnets 1 to 126 are addressed to, or concern, a young man; Sonnets are addressed to, or concern, a dark lady (dark in the sense of her hair, her facial features, and her character), and Sonnets are fairly free adaptations of two classical Greek poems. The text of these famous William Shakespeare sonnets can be accessed by clicking one of the sonnets links below. The most popular of the William Shakespeare Sonnets are Sonnets 018, 029, 116, 126 and 130.

Shakespeare’s characters He seems to have planned two contrasting series: one about uncontrollable lust for a married woman of dark complexion (the "dark lady"), and one about conflicted love for a fair young man (the "fair youth"). It remains unclear if these figures represent real individuals, or if the authorial "I" who addresses them represents Shakespeare himself, though Wordsworth believed that with the sonnets "Shakespeare unlocked his heart.Wordsworth

Who are they, his characters? The "fair youth"– 1) Henry Wriothesley, (sonnets 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17) 2) William Herbert, (sonnets № 1, 4, 8, 10, 13) Dark lady - 1) Mary Fitton, a lady in waiting to Queen Elizabeth 2) Emilia Lanier, the mistress of Lord Hunsdon, patron of the arts

Shakespeare in original and in translations Sonnet №18 Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date; Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed: But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st, Nor shall Death brag thou wand‘ rest in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st. So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. Сравнить ли мне тебя с летним днем? Ты красивее и мягче: прелестные майские бутоны сотрясаются бурными ветрами, а срок лета слишком краток; порой слишком горячо сияет небесный глаз, а часто его золотой цвет затуманен, и все прекрасное порой перестает быть прекрасным, лишается своей отделки в силу случая или изменчивости природы; но твое вечное лето не потускнеет и не утратит владения красотой, которая тебе принадлежит, и Смерть не будет хвастать, что ты блуждаешь в ее тени, когда в вечных строках ты будешь расти с временем. Пока люди дышат и глаза видят, до тех пор будет жить это мое произведение и оно будет давать жизнь тебе.

Demand to a sonnet Raised lexicon and intonation; Exact rhyme Interdiction for carryings over So long as men can breath or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee. Среди живых ты будешь до тех пор, Доколе дышит грудь и видит взор. (Маршак) Пока дышать и видеть нам дано, Живет мой стих – и ты с ним заодно. (Степанов) Так долго я вздыхал, когда не мог Вас видеть, И жил лишь для того, чтоб Вас увидеть. (повтор) Пока живут и дышат люди на земле, Ты будешь часто сниться им во сне! (тавтология)

What do you know about sonnets?

Shakespeare’s innovation Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets from 1592 to The sonnet form was limited structurally, in theme and in expressions. Liveliness of Shakespeare's language and strict discipline of the sonnets imparted economy and intensity to his writing style. Shakespeare’s innovation is in his new form of sonnets. He also changed the main theme of a sonnet from love to a friend. Shakespeare’s ability to summarize the range of human emotions in simple yet profoundly eloquent verse is perhaps the greatest reason for his enduring popularity.

"Thou art a Moniment, without a tombe And art alive still, while thy Booke doth live, And we have wits to read, and praise to give.“ Ben Jonson

Информационные источники Аникст А. Поэмы, сонеты и стихотворения Шекспира. Балакин В.И., Волгина Е.И.Английский гений в королевской западне. Зорин А.Статья в книге: Шекспир В.Сонеты.-М. Радуга,