Arthropod Diversity and Cover Crops By Jeffrey Taylor August 11,2003 Pennsylvania State University.

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Presentation transcript:

Arthropod Diversity and Cover Crops By Jeffrey Taylor August 11,2003 Pennsylvania State University

Arrival of the Study Land owner Steve Groff is interested to see what the benefits of long-term cover cropping are Land owner Steve Groff is interested to see what the benefits of long-term cover cropping are

Hypothesis Fields with the least disturbance and a cover crop would have the greatest diversity and abundance of arthropods Fields with the least disturbance and a cover crop would have the greatest diversity and abundance of arthropods

Study Area Most Disturbed -Long term no-till ~20 years Least Disturbed -Pasture and then 7 years in no-till heathland/grazing.htm images/nf_corninmay2.jpg

Study Area Sixteen plots Sixteen plots –4 Long term no-till with a cover crop –4 Long term no-till without a cover crop –4 Short term no-till with a cover crop –4 Short term no-till without a cover crop

Study Area

2003: Field corn in a rye cover crop 2003: Field corn in a rye cover crop 2002: Soybeans in a rye cover crop 2002: Soybeans in a rye cover crop

Methods of Collection Pitfall Trap Catches surface insects Tullgren Traps Catches soil insects

Methods of Calculation Abundance Abundance -Addition of all insects caught Diversity Diversity -Shannon index -Shannon index -D=-Σp i logp i -D=-Σp i logp i

Factors Diversity Diversity Abundance Abundance Herbivore Herbivore Predators Predators Detritivores Detritivores

Collection Dates Tullgren: July 15, 2003 July 28, 2003 July 28, 2003 Pitfall: July 15-17, 2003 July 28-30, 2003 July 28-30, 2003

What was Found

In The Pitfalls Orthoptera-crickets Orthoptera-crickets Hymenoptera-ants Hymenoptera-ants Isopoda-pill bugs Isopoda-pill bugs Araneae-spiders Araneae-spiders Ant Pill bug Cricket

In the Tullgren Traps Mites Mites Collembola-springtails Collembola-springtails Diptera-flies Diptera-flies springtail Mesostigmatid mite

Results treatments do not differ significantly at p> 0.05 aa

Results a, b indicate treatments that differ significantly at p< 0.05 a a b b a a a a b b

Results Total Abundance OrganicMatter Long term no-till with no cover crop % Long term no-till with cover crop % Short term no-till no cover crop % Short term no-till with cover crop %

Conclusion Only the tullgren traps were studied in-depth Only the tullgren traps were studied in-depth Population may be migrating between plots Population may be migrating between plots Abundance of Arthropods was greater in the long term no-till fields Abundance of Arthropods was greater in the long term no-till fields soils.usda.gov/sqi/SoilBiology/ ATLAS103_LR.jpg

Conclusion Michael Hutson studied that diversity may decrease as fertility of soil increases Michael Hutson studied that diversity may decrease as fertility of soil increases -competitors completely dominate fertile environments -competitors completely dominate fertile environments

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