Science Fair Projects 4/12/2017

Topic 1 Select a topic that can be answered only by you experimenting Write your topic as a question to be investigated 1 4/12/2017

Selecting a Topic 2 Help in finding a topic: READ in books, magazines, newspapers Talk to your teacher, family, friends Visit professional people, museums, zoos, Select a topic you know nothing about. Select a topic that you know something about but want to investigate further Select a topic that genuinely interests you. 2 4/12/2017

Good Topic Bad Topic Do different colored mints dissolve at the same rate? What surfaces do mealworms prefer? Do all brands of paper towels absorb water at the same rate? How volcanoes erupt. Microscopes do different brands of paper towels soak up different temperatures of water at the same rate? 3 4/12/2017

Purpose One to three sentences that explains why you are doing this investigation. The purpose can be stated like this: “The purpose of this project is …” If your purpose is well worded, you will have little difficulty writing a title for your project. 4 4/12/2017

Hypothesis A hypothesis states what you think is going to happen when you investigate a question. Question: Does light affect the way plants grow? Hypothesis 1: Plants will grow toward the light Hypothesis 2: Plants will grow away from the light. Hypothesis 3: Light will make no difference in the way plants will grow. Choose one hypothesis you believe will work for your tests. 5 4/12/2017

Procedures Materials Variables Step by Step directions 6 4/12/2017

Materials Good Listing Poor Listing Paper towels measuring cup water container thermometer clock 3- 15x 15 cm sq each of: Brawney, Gala, Scott, Generic paper towels 250 ml graduated beaker 750 ml water at 20 0 C 1- 20x20 cm sq cake pan Celsius Thermometer Clock with second hand 7 4/12/2017

Variables There are three types of variables Independent Variable (Manipulated)- What you change on purpose in an investigation The factor being tested Dependent Variable (Responding)- What changes by itself because you changed something in your investigation How you measure your results Control Variables- Everything else in your investigation must be held constant Kept the same. 4/12/2017

Examples of Variables Question: Do all brands of paper towels absorb the same amount of water? Independent Variable: Brands of paper towels Dependent Variable: Amount of water that is absorbed by each towel. Variables held Constant: Size of paper towel, Amount of water poured on each towel Temperature of the water used Container towels are placed in Method of pouring 4/12/2017

Step-by-Step Directions Your step-by-step directions are like a recipe. Anyone who reads them will be able to duplicate your investigation and get the same results. Example: Question: Do all brands of paper towels absorb the same amount of water? 1. Cut 3- 15x15 cm sq from each brand of paper towels 4/12/2017

Step-by-Step Directions 2. Label each cut piece with brand name 3. Pour 50 ml of 20 o C water into 20x20 cm sq pan 4. Place 1 square of Generic brand paper towel into water and pan 5. Leave for 30 seconds 6. Remove paper towel 7. Measure water remaining in pan and record 8. Dry cake pan 9. Repeat steps 4- 8 for each brand of paper towel 10. Repeat entire process twice more for each brand of paper towels note: minimum of 3 trials 4/12/2017

Data/ Logbook Data refers to information gathered during your investigation. Writing in a notebook is the most convenient way to keep a log. 4/12/2017

Data cont. 1. A list of all materials used 2. Notes on all preparations you made prior to starting your investigation 3. Information about the resources you use (books, people, libraries, museums, universities, on-line websites, etc.) 4. Detailed day-by-day notes on the progress of your project 4/12/2017

Data cont. 5. Any drawings that you feel might help explain your work What you are actually doing Problems you have with your investigation Things you would change if you were doing this investigation again 5. Any drawings that you feel might help explain your work 6. Data that you gather from your investigation (notes, tables, charts, graphs) Be sure that you date each entry in your log. 4/12/2017

Science Fair Projects Part 2 4/12/2017

Data/Log Book Data refers to information gathered during your investigation. List all materials used Notes on all preparations you made prior to starting your investigation Information about the resources you use (books, people, libraries,etc) Detailed day by day notes on the progress of your project Any drawings that you feel might explain your work Data that you gather from your investigation (notes, tables, charts, graphs) Be sure that you date each entry in your log 4/12/2017

Labeling AVERAGING Experimental Group B Control Group A DATES DATES 7/2 7/4 7/6 7/8 A1 2 4 5 7 A2 3 8 9 A3 A4 TOTAL 10 16 22 26 AVG 2.5 4.0 5.5 6.5 7/2 7/4 7/6 7/8 B1 1 3 4 6 B2 2 8 B3 7 B4 TOTAL 16 24 30 AVG 7.5 PLANTS/HEIGHT (cm) PLANTS/WEIGHT (cm) 4/12/2017

Graphs There are two main types of graphs. BAR GRAPH A BAR GRAPH IS USED TO DISPLAY DATA THAT DOES NOT OCCUR IN A CONTINUOUS MANNER LINE GRAPH A LINE GRAPH IS USED TO DISPLAY DATA THAT OCCURS IN A CONTINUOUS MANNER 4/12/2017

MAKING A GRAPH TITLE Dependent variable Y (Vertical axis) Independent Variable X (Horizontal Axis) Title: the title is a short description of the data being displayed should include dependent and independent variables Horizontal Axis (x)- The Independent Variable (Manipulated Variable) what you changed on purpose is displayed on the horizontal axis Vertical Axis (y): The dependent variable ( Responding Variable) what happened as a result of what you changed is displayed on the vertical axis 4/12/2017

Graph/Spacing Plan your graph so that your data will be evenly distributed across the horizontal and vertical axes. 4/12/2017

Conclusions Your conclusions should include: Statement of support or non-support of the original hypothesis The results of this project ________ the original hypothesis. Description of any problems or unusual events that occurred during your investigation. What would you do differently next time. Revised hypothesis (if data did not support your original hypothesis) 4/12/2017

Writing a Conclusion Before you write your conclusions, carefully examine all your data (graphs, charts, tables). Ask yourself these questions: Did you get the results you expected to get? If not, how were the results different? Were there any unexpected problems or occurrences that may have affected the results of your investigation? Do you think you collected sufficient data? (Were there enough trials? Samples?) Do I need to revise my original hypothesis? (If you write a revised hypothesis, DO NOT use it to replace your original hypothesis for this project!) 4/12/2017

Conclusions Questions: Do all brands of paper towels absorb the same amount of water? Hypothesis: The cheaper the paper towel the less water it will absorb. Conclusion: The data collected does not support the original hypothesis. The cheapest paper towel (generic) did not absorb the least amount of water. The higher priced paper towel (Brawny) did not absorb the most. The revised hypothsis is the price of the paper towels does not affect the amount of water absorbed. 4/12/2017

Absorbency of Paper Towels 4/12/2017

PROJECT BOARD SET UP TITLE OF PROJECT ABSTRACT METHODS MATERIALS PROCEDURES DATA TABLE #1 INTRODUCTION RESULTS CONCLUSIONS PURPOSE 4/12/2017