Chapter 26 The Rise of Democracy Introduction: These are some of the new ideas you will be studying in this chapter:

The Rise of Democracy What do we already know? Steep mountains separated the people of Greece. The Greeks did not think of themselves as one country. They identified themselves with a hometown called “the city” which was the settlement and surrounding farmland. They had their language in common

The Rise of Democracy Ch 26. Each city had its own Laws, army and money Form of government which led to each city being called a “city-state”.

Chapter 26 New Vocabulary: Monarchy Oligarchy Tyranny Democracy The Greek people tried each of these four forms of government. In this chapter we will find out the strengths and weaknesses of each form of rule what led them to try another.

26.2 Monarchy: One Person Inherits Power 2000-800B.C.E. most city-states were ruled buy a monarch, or king. City states did not have queens! The rulers inherited their powers ( usually the oldest son)

26.2 Monarchy The kings ( monarchs) had many powers. Made laws and acted as judges Did religious ceremonies Led the army in war Punished people who disobeyed the laws, or didn’t pay taxes.

26.2 Monarchy The king had councils of aristocrats to guide them. Aristocat means “BEST” To the Greeks, the best people were wealthy men who had inherited large pieces of land.

26.3: Oligarchy A Few People Share Power 800 b.c.e. Greek city-states were ruled by small groups of wealthy men called oligarchs. ( meaning few) Ruling power is in the hands of a few people. They were either aristocrats or wealthy merchants.

26.3 Oligarchy Oligarchs had very comfortable lives: Hunted and raced chairots. Lay on couches and drank wine. Partied with slaves and hired professionals entertained With music, dance, and acrobatics

26.3 Oligarchy The poor had a very different kind of life The hardworking poor saw the differences between their lives and the easy lives of the wealthy and they thought it was very unfair.

26.3 Oligarchy Oligarchs ignored the needs of most people. Passed laws that were unfair Used armies to force them to obey Farmers had to sell themselves into slavery if they could not pay debts. The rich became richer; the poor, poorer UNTIL

26.3 Oligarchy The poor people turned to leaders who promised to improve their lives. These leaders were backed by an army with soldiers who threw the olgarchs out of power!

26.4 Tyranny: One Person Takes Power by Force 600’s B.C.E. many Greek city-states turned to me who promised to change the government. Tyrants forced the oligarchs from power by means of force. Tyranny puts the law in the hands of one person who is not a lawful king.

26.4 Tyranny Tyranny is different in 2 ways: A tyrant cannot claim that he has the legal right to rule. The tyrant’s son does not usually inherit his father’s power.

26.4 Tyranny Tyrants took control by force. Most tyrants were military leaders who gained support by promising citizens more rights. a. Many ruled well b. Many helped the poor ( cancelling debts) c. They took land from the aristocrats

26.4 Tyranny Other tyrants did not use their power well. Hippias, and his brother Hipparchus ruled well at first, BUT Two enemies of the brothers killed Hipparchus, then, Hippias ruled more harshly. Things became so bad under Hippias, he was finally forced to leave power.

26.5 Democracy: All Citizens Share Power 500 B.C.E. the people of Athens decided to try governing themselves. A democracy, or “rule by the people” meant all citizens share the power. Ancient Greek democracy was different than today’s democracy.

26.5 Democracy The Ancient Greek democracy was a direct democracy which meant that every citizen can vote on every issue. The United States is a representative democracy which means that people vote for representatives who decide on the issues.

26.5 Democracy The direct democracy had an assembly, or lawmaking group. Any free man could speak in the assembly and vote on a new law or to go to war. Free men also ran the city’s day-to-day business.

26.5 Democracy Not all Greeks made the best choices when voting because they were influenced by corrupt unscrupulos people. For example, important decisions might be reversed just after a few weeks. For this reason, most city-states returned to earlier forms of government.

26.5 Democracy The idea that people should rule themselves would survive! The ideal of democracy would become one of the great gifts of ancient Greece to the modern world!

New Vocabulary Words monarch aristocrat oligarch tyrant citizen assembly

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