Oxy-Acids You will need to know these common oxy-acids (with a 100% confidence level!) nitric acid HNO3 chloric acid HClO3 carbonic acid H2CO3 sulphuric acid H2SO4 phosphoric acid H3PO4

Memory Aid - Acids The following expression gives you a memory aid that may help working out the formula for the various oxy-acids. Nick the Camel had a Clam for Supper in Phoenix First letter(s) identify the acid # vowels = # H’s # consonants = # O’s

Memory Aid - Acids Nick the Camel had a Clam for Supper in Phoenix First letter(s) identify the acid # vowels = # H’s # consonants = # O’s Nick .......... N, nitrogen, nitric 1 vowel, 3 consonants HNO3

Oxy-Acid Formulae Nick the Camel had a Clam for Supper in Phoenix What is the formula for: chloric acid? HClO3 phosphoric acid? H3PO4

Oxy-Acid Radicals New negative ions/radicals are produced when you remove the hydrogens from each oxy-acid. Each of these new ions/radicals are treated as a group/unit. The valence of the ion/radical corresponds to the number of hydrogens removed.

Oxy-Acid Radicals Consider sulphuric acid: H2SO4 Removing the 2 H’s gives the ion/radical: SO42- this ion/radical is called sulphate; its valence is 2

Oxy-Acid Radicals You do not need to memorize all of these - you will be provided with a list for quizzes/tests/exam. The negative ions/radicals related to the oxy-acids can now be used to form compounds.

Compounds with Oxy-Acid Ions/Radicals Write the formula for aluminum nitrate: Valence of aluminum is 3 Val. of nitrate is 1 (nitrate: NO3- from HNO3) Keep in mind that the nitrate ion is a group. Use our cross-over technique to show 3 nitrate groups: Al(NO3)3 (You read this as “AlNO3 taken 3 times”)

Examples with Oxy-Acid Ions/Radicals potassium carbonate K2CO3 tin(IV) sulphate Sn(SO4)2 iron(III) nitrate Fe(NO3)3 lithium chlorate LiClO3 barium phosphate Ba3(PO4)2 aluminum chlorate Al(ClO3)3

And Still More Examples Mg(ClO3)2 magnesium chlorate ZnCO3 zinc carbonate LiNO3 lithium nitrate Y2(SO4)3 yttrium sulphate Co3(PO4)2 cobalt(II) phosphate * * NOTE: When multiple valences are involved, you do not use the prefix system with radicals.

Special Ions/Radicals . You will also have to be able to give names/write formulae using these special ions/radicals (also on the list provided). NH4+ - ammonium ion OH- - hydroxide ion HCO3- - bicarbonate ion (also called hydrogen carbonate) Each has a val. of 1 ; each is a group/unit.

Examples using Special Ions/Radicals ammonium oxide (NH4)2O zinc hydroxide Zn(OH)2 iron(III) bicarbonate Fe(HCO3)3 NH4ClO3 ammonium chlorate LiOH lithium hydroxide

More Examples with Special Ions/Radicals ammonium chloride NH4Cl tin(IV) bicarbonate Sn(HCO3)4 iron(III) hydroxide Fe(OH)3 ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4 Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide NH4HCO3 ammonium bicarbonate

Other Special Compounds There are several special compounds you will encounter in this course. We ask that you commit this one to memory: hydrogen peroxide H2O2

That’s All Folks except…..

of course for the practice! The last nomenclature practice page can now be completed. Have fun.