CORE RS 04 Urinary System Dr. Nelson Jiménez V.

QUICK REVIEW OF ELIMINATION Lungs eliminate CO2 Sweat glands eliminate excess heat, salt Digestive tract- indigestible solids, bacteria Urinary tract is the main system of elimination

A little Vocabulary Uria or Ur- urine Cyst- bladder Nephr or Ren- kidney Dys- painful

Anuria –Without urine Cystitis –Inflammation of the bladder Dysuria –Painful urination Hematuria –Blood I urine Hydronephrosis –> water in kidney Renal –Pertaining to kidney

The Urinary Tract Urinary tract consists of 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, one bladder and one urethra. Kidney location: –Retroperitoneal –Dorsal wall of abdominal cavity –12th thoracic and 3 rd lumbar vertebrae Urethra –1.5 inches in women, 8 inches in men

Outer layer- Cortex Inner layer- Medulla Calyx- collects urine as it is formed, join together to form the ureter

Kidneys filter blood- 2, 000 L/day (500 gal) –remove waste products and reabsorb water, other valuable substances. –1.5 L of urine/day Metabolism produces toxic substances- esp nitrogen containing waste as a by-product of protein breakdown We eliminate nitrogen as urea- water soluble

The main functional unit of the kidney is called the NEPHRON. 1 million per kidney Most of nephron located in renal cortex Loop of Henle is located in the renal medulla

Capillaries in glomerulus filter blood- Bowman’ capsule collects ultra filtrate Through passive and active diffusion, 95% of water is reabsorbed, along with K, Na, Ca Other things are actively excreted, like drugs. Excretion is controlled by hormones such as ADH from hypothalamus

Urine is made in 4 steps 1.Filtration 2.Reabsorption 3.Secretion 4.Excretion A urinalysis is the most common non- invasive medical test ordered

Diseases of the Kidney Acute Kidney failure- sudden loss of function –Causes: nephritis, shock, injury, heart failure or poisoning –Symptoms: anuria or oliguria. Uremia, nausea, coma, death Chronic Kidney failure- gradual loss of function due to hypertension (high blood pressure) or endocrine disease Cystitis- inflammation of the urinary bladder

Dialysis, Kidney transplant Hemodialysis- serves as an “artificial kidney” 2-3x/week for 2-4 hours Peritoneal dialysis- uses patient’s own peritoneal lining to filter blood Kidney transplant- need suitable donor. Only need one, but must take anti- rejection drugs for the life of the patient

Click sobre los enlaces para realizar los Quiz. Kidney Cross Section #1 Cross Section of the Kidney #2 Gross Anatomy of the Urinary System #1 1.htm Nephron #1 html Simple Questions about the Urinary System - Set 1 phron_1.htm