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HISTORY

Indian National Army

Introduction The Indian National Army (INA) or Azad Hind Fauj To overthrow the British Raj in colonial IndiaBritish RajIndia Initially composed of Indian prisoners of war captured by JapanIndianprisoners of war women’s regiment-Rani Jhansi regiment “I promise you freedom, if you are ready to spill your blood”

Regiment in INA

SATYAGRAHA Sadagraha >> Satyagraha Sat = Truth Agraha = Firmness

Understanding Gandhi In context with SATYAGRAHA and AHIMSA, TAPASYA is the “self-suffering” (transformative energy) which directly results from our ongoing search for truth and confrontation with untruth

September 11, 2001

September 11, 1906 Birth of Satyagraha at Jewish Empire Theatre in Transvaal, South Africa. Indians present take oath to resist pass laws. First called “passive resistance”.

Dhandi March

History

Lord Dalhousie from 1848

Introduction At the young age of 25, he entered British Parliament-1937 Lord Dalhousie's Tenure in India( ) Adopting the policy of "lapse and annexation” Causes of annexation of Oudh state Attack on Social Belief Attack on Religious Belief

Reforms of Lord Dalhousie Administrative reforms introduced by Dalhousie Vernacular teaching Introduced Railway,Telegraph,Postal system Public works department was set up for first time Educational Reforms Doab Canal Constructed in Punjab

India under Lord Dalhousie

First War of Independence (1857) Period just before the beginning of India’s First War of Independence Period just before the beginning of India’s First War of Independence Factors responsible for unrest amongst Indian masses Beginning of First War of Independence (1857) - Meerut Battle of Kanpur Jhansi and Gwalior Battle at Arrah Bihar Lucknow (Avadh) Aftermath of First war of Independence

Beginning of India’s First war of Independence In 1857 the total number of soldiers in India was 260,000 Only fourteen percent (34,000) European soldiers. Unrest in India after Anglo-sikh War

Factors responsible for unrest among Indian Masses Arrival of missionaries Native populace started to believe that the British wished to convert them Hindus and Muslims were forced into Christianity 'Doctrine of Lapse` India became a market place for finished goods from England-Poverty increased

Beginning of First War of Independence (1857) Awaiting a spark after the battle of plassey Hanging of Mangal Pande Refused orders to handle the new cartridges Enraged soldiers broke open the town jail and released their comrades The soldiers from Meerut reached Delhi The British established themselves on Delhi ridge British officer Hodson arrested the old King Bahadur Shah and killed his three sons in cold blood

Battle of Kanpur In 1857 Kanpur was garrisoned by four regiments of native infantry and a European battery of artillery and was commanded by General Sir Hugh Wheeler ‘Massacre Ghat’ ‘Bibi ka Ghar’ Tantia Tope escaped and joined the Rani of Jhansi

JHANSI RANI LAKSHMIBAI

JHANSI IN INDIA MAP GWALIOR

Jhansi and Gwalior Rani Laxmibai, the widow of the late Raja Gangadhar Rao Rani built an army of 14,000 volunteers to fight the British The English could not capture Rani of Jhansi as she escaped to Kalpi (near Gwalior) where Tantia Tope joined her in June 1858.Rani Laxmi Bai died fighting bravely. Rani Laxmibai (Rani Jhansi) became immortal in Indian history for her bravery and struggle against British

Battle of Arrah Bihar Kunwar Singh the chief organizer of the fight against British Major Vincent Eyre defeated Kunwar Singh's force and destroyed Jagdishpur 1859 Amar Singh joined the rebel leaders in the Nepal Terai

Lucknow War led by the Begum of Awadh Hazrat Mehal who proclaimed her young son Nawab Till March 1858, when she left Lucknow for the north with her troops followed by Ahmad Shah She failed to capture Rohilkhand she found asylum till her death

Aftermath of first war of independence The British soldiers seemed to have made a collective decision not to take prisoners and most actions ended with a frenzied use of the bayonet ‘The Devil's Wind‘ The power for governance of India was transferred from the East India Company to the British crown the nationalist movement started

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