1 Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc. Shielded Metal Arc Welding SMAW(Stick)

2 Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc. Shielded Metal Arc Welding Principles of the SMAW Process

3 Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc. Principles of the SMAW Process Electric Arc Between Electrode & Work, Melts the Electrode & Fuses the JointElectric Arc Between Electrode & Work, Melts the Electrode & Fuses the Joint Weld Metal & Slag FormWeld Metal & Slag Form Slag is Lighter than the Molten Metal & Rises to the TopSlag is Lighter than the Molten Metal & Rises to the Top AC or DC PolarityAC or DC Polarity

4 Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc. DCEN (Striaght) Polarity DC -DC - Heat Concentrated at ElectrodeHeat Concentrated at Electrode Lower PenetrationLower Penetration Increased Deposition RatesIncreased Deposition Rates

5 Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc. DCEP (Reverse) Polarity DC +DC + Heat Concentrated at WorkpieceHeat Concentrated at Workpiece Forceful, Digging ArcForceful, Digging Arc Medium to Deep PenetrationMedium to Deep Penetration

6 Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc. AC Polarity Medium PenetrationMedium Penetration Medium Travel SpeedsMedium Travel Speeds

7 Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc. Equipment Components Equipment Components Constant Current (CC) Power SourceConstant Current (CC) Power Source Electrode Cable and HolderElectrode Cable and Holder Work Cable and ClampWork Cable and Clamp Flux Covered Filler MetalFlux Covered Filler Metal Welding Arc Is Established When Tip of Electrode Strikes the Work PieceWelding Arc Is Established When Tip of Electrode Strikes the Work Piece

8 Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc. Constant Current Welding Circuit Consists of Power Source, Electrode and Work Cables/LeadsWelding Circuit Consists of Power Source, Electrode and Work Cables/Leads The Power Source Keeps the Current as Constant as Possible even when the Operator Varies the Arc LengthThe Power Source Keeps the Current as Constant as Possible even when the Operator Varies the Arc Length Voltage is Proportional to Arc LengthVoltage is Proportional to Arc Length

9 Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc. Hot Start Control Arc InitiationArc Initiation Increased AmperageIncreased Amperage Prevents Electrode StickingPrevents Electrode Sticking

10 Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc. Arc Force Control Prevents Electrode From Sticking to WorkPrevents Electrode From Sticking to Work Fine Tuner to Aid in Stick WeldingFine Tuner to Aid in Stick Welding Welding Arc is Soft at the Minimum SettingsWelding Arc is Soft at the Minimum Settings Welding Arc is Crisp at the Maximum SettingsWelding Arc is Crisp at the Maximum Settings

11 Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc. The Duty Cycle of a power source is the percentage of a ten (10) minute period that it can operate at the rated output current setting. Duty Cycle

12 Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc. Duty Cycle Duty CycleAmperes Time Available Available 30% Min/10 Min 30% Min/10 Min 40% Min/10 Min 40% Min/10 Min 50% Min/10 Min 50% Min/10 Min 60% Min/10 Min 60% Min/10 Min 70% Min/10 Min 70% Min/10 Min 80% Min/10 Min 80% Min/10 Min 90% Min/10 Min 90% Min/10 Min 100% Min/10 Min 100% Min/10 Min

13 Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc. 200, 300, and 400 Amp Electrode Holders EH 200 EH 400 EH 300 Electrode Holders

14 Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc. GC 300 GC 500 Work Clamps 300 and 500 Amp Work Clamps

15 Copyright  2004 Lincoln Global Inc. Cables

16 The business of The Lincoln Electric Company is manufacturing and selling high quality welding equipment and consumables, and cutting equipment. Our challenge is to meet the needs of our customers and to exceed their expectations. On occasion, purchasers may ask Lincoln Electric for advice or information about their use of our products. We respond to our customers based on the best information in our possession at that time. Lincoln Electric is not in a position to warrant or guarantee such advice, and assumes no liability, with respect to such information or advice. We expressly disclaim any warranty of any kind, including any warranty of fitness for any customer’s particular purpose, with respect to such information or advice. As a matter of practical consideration, we also cannot assume any responsibility for updating or correcting any such information or advice once it has been given, nor does the provision of information or advice create, expand or alter any warranty with respect to the sale of our products. Lincoln Electric is a responsive manufacturer, but the selection and use of specific products sold by Lincoln Electric is solely within the control of, and remains the sole responsibility of, the customer. Customer Assistance Policy