 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. Chapter 13. Graphical User Interface Concepts: Part 1

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. Simple Windows Application In Visual Studio 2005, if you choose –File->New Project –Windows Application The following will be generated for you –Form1.cs –Form1.Designer.cs –Program.cs Lets look at them

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh.

Program.cs using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace SimpleApplication { static class Program { /// /// The main entry point for the application. /// [STAThread] static void Main() { Application.EnableVisualStyles(); Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false); Application.Run(new Form1()); } What is this?

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. Form1.cs using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace SimpleApplication { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); }

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. Form1.Designer.cs namespace SimpleApplication { partial class Form1 { /// /// Required designer variable. /// private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null; /// /// Clean up any resources being used. /// /// true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false. protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (disposing && (components != null)) { components.Dispose(); } base.Dispose(disposing); } #region Windows Form Designer generated code /// /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify /// the contents of this method with the code editor. /// private void InitializeComponent() { this.components = new System.ComponentModel.Container(); this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font; this.Text = "Form1"; } #endregion }

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. Application Class The System.Windows.Forms.Application class wraps the basic functionality to start a.NET application. This class has methods to start and stop applications and their threads, and to process Windows Messages: –DoEvents() –Exit() –ExitThread() –Run() The class also has events and properties to synchronize execution.

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. Application Class Run static method begins running a standard application message loop on the current thread. Below is the overload list:

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. Partial Class A partial class, or partial type, is a feature of C# programming languages in which the declaration of a class or a struct or an interface may be split across multiple source-code files. Purpose –Very large classes –Separation of concerns –Multiple developer

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. Windows Forms Forms are contained within a namespace called System.Windows.Forms that contains around 200 classes, 100 enumeration, more than 40 delegates, 7 interfaces, and 4 structures. The inheritance lineage is Object -> MarshallByRefObject -> Component-> Control-> ScrollableControl-> Form

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. Windows Forms

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. Form Form class represents window, provides appropriate services –properties: Size, Location, Controls, ShowInTaskbar –methods: Show, Close, SetDesktopLocation –events: Load, Click, Closing Common to derive from Form to create custom form class MyForm : Form { public MyForm() { this.ShowInTaskbar = false; this.Location = new Point(10, 10); this.Size = new Size(100, 100); } define custom form set properties

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. Form border Forms can look like windows, dialogs, or tools –controlled using FormBorderStyle property –set ShowInTaskbar property to false for tool windows –window border styles show the icon from the Icon property

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. Form properties Form has many properties –used to customize appearance and behavior public class Form : ContainerControl { public IButtonControl AcceptButton { get; set; } public IButtonControl CancelButton { get; set; } public bool HelpButton { get; set; } public Icon Icon { get; set; } public String Text { get; set; } public Size MaximumSize { get; set; } public Size MinimumSize { get; set; } public MainMenu Menu { get; set; } public bool ShowInTaskbar { get; set; } public FormBorderStyle FormBorderStyle { get; set; }... } properties

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. SimpleForm.cs using System; using System.Windows.Forms; class SimpleForm { static void Main() { Form f1 = new Form(); f1.Text = "My Simple Form"; Application.Run(f1); } csc /t:winexe SimpleForm.cs

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. SimpleForm2.cs using System; using System.Windows.Forms; class SimpleForm { static void Main() { Form f1 = new Form(); f1.Text = "My Simple Form2"; f1.Show(); } What is the output?

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. SimpleForm3.cs using System.Threading; using System.Windows.Forms; class SimpleForm { static void Main() { Form f1 = new Form(); f1.Text = "My Simple Form3"; f1.Show(); f1.Text = "Time to sleep"; //Let the process go to sleep for 1000 ms (pause) Thread.Sleep(3000); f1.Text = "Time to wake up !"; //Let the process go to sleep for 1000 ms (pause) Thread.Sleep(1000); } What is the output?

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. SimpleForm4.cs using System.Threading; using System.Windows.Forms; class SimpleForm { public static void Main() { Form f1 = new Form(); f1.Text = "What is wrong with this?"; f1.Visible = true; Thread.Sleep(3000); f1.Visible = false; Thread.Sleep(3000); f1.Text = "Coming back to live"; f1.Visible = true; Thread.Sleep(3000); Application.Run(); f1.Text = "After Application.Run is called"; } What is the output?

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. SimpleForm5.cs using System.Threading; using System.Windows.Forms; class SimpleForm { public static void Main() { Form f1 = new Form(); f1.Text = "What is wrong with this?"; f1.Visible = true; Thread.Sleep(3000); f1.Visible = false; Thread.Sleep(3000); f1.Text = "Coming back to live"; f1.Visible = true; Thread.Sleep(3000); Application.Run(f1); Thread.Sleep(3000); f1.Text = "After Application.Run is called"; } What is the output?

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. SimpleForm6.cs using System.Threading; using System.Windows.Forms; class SimpleForm { public static void Main() { Form f1 = new Form(); f1.Text = "How are you all doing?"; f1.Visible = true; Thread.Sleep(3000); f1.Text = "And How is your Baba?"; Application.Run(f1); Thread.Sleep(3000); f1.Text = "After Application.Run is called"; MessageBox.Show("And your Daddy too?"); } What is the output?

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. Conclusion Main creates the form and displays it. The form is given to Application.Run where it continues to exist. The form takes control of execution until the form is dismissed. When the form is dismissed, presumably, the Application.Run method continues (err, ends). The Application.Run method returns control to Main, which then calls the MessageBox.Show method. The application ends after the MessageBox is dismissed

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. SimpleForm7.cs using System.Threading; using System.Windows.Forms; class SimpleForm { public static void Main() { Form f0 = new Form(); f0.Text = "How are you?"; Form f1 = new Form(); f1.Text = "How is C#?"; Form f2 = new Form(); f2.Text = "How is C++"; f0.Show(); f2.Show(); Application.Run(f1); MessageBox.Show("Where are we?"); f2.Text = "F2, after Application.Run is called"; Thread.Sleep(3000); } Take Home Bring back your description Quiz

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. Not Very Simple Windows Application! Drag and drop textbox and button from the toolbox into the Form Lets see what happened to our three files. Program.cs Form1.cs Form1.Designer.cs

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. Program.cs using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace SimpleApplication { static class Program { /// /// The main entry point for the application. /// [STAThread] static void Main() { Application.EnableVisualStyles(); Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false); Application.Run(new Form1()); } NO CHANGES!

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. Form1.cs using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace SimpleApplication { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } NO CHANGES!

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. Form1.Designer.cs namespace SimpleApplication { partial class Form1 { //SAME AS BEFORE CODE OMMITED FOR SPACE private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1; private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1; private void InitializeComponent() { this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox(); this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button(); this.SuspendLayout(); // textBox1 this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(72, 24); this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1"; this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 20); this.textBox1.TabIndex = 0; // button1 this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(82, 59); this.button1.Name = "button1"; this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 23); this.button1.TabIndex = 1; this.button1.Text = "button1"; this.button1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true; // Form1 this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 13F); this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font; this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(246, 109); this.Controls.Add(this.button1); this.Controls.Add(this.textBox1); this.Name = "Form1"; this.Text = "Form1"; this.ResumeLayout(false); this.PerformLayout();} #endregion } We have two new fields The fields properties are initialized The fields are attached to the Form

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. Not Simple Windows Application! Lets say I want to find the square of the number entered Double click on the button, and suddenly Form1.cs is opened for me and the following code is displayed for me.

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. Form1.cs using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace SimpleApplication { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { int x = int.Parse(textBox1.Text); x = x*x; MessageBox.Show(x.ToString()); } This method is written for me I wrote this code

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. Form1.Designer.cs namespace SimpleApplication { partial class Form1 { //SAME AS BEFORE CODE OMMITED FOR SPACE //THE BUTTON1 IS THE PART THAT CHANGES // button1 // this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(82, 59); this.button1.Name = "button1"; this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 23); this.button1.TabIndex = 1; this.button1.Text = "button1"; this.button1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true; this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click); } control Event Event handler (method name)

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. class MyForm : Form { Button button1 = new Button(); Label label1 = new Label (); public MyForm() {... this.Controls.Add(button1); this.Controls.Add(label1 ); }... } myForm Form as container Form manages a list of controls –stored in Controls collection property Controls button1label1 all forms inherit Controls collection add to collection

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. What We Just Did? We have attached an event handler for the click event. Button has Click event If this event happens (some one clicks on the button) button1_Click method will be executed.

 2007 Dr. Natheer Khasawneh. SimpleForm8.cs I like this code.. using System; using System.Threading; using System.Windows.Forms; class SimpleForm { public static void Main() { MyForm f1 = new MyForm(); Application.Run(f1); } class MyForm : Form { private TextBox textBox1; private Button button1; public MyForm() { this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox(); this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button(); this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(72, 24); this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1"; this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(82, 59); this.button1.Name = "button1"; this.button1.Text = "button1"; this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click); this.Controls.Add(this.button1); this.Controls.Add(this.textBox1); this.Name = "Form1"; this.Text = "Form1"; } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { int x = int.Parse(textBox1.Text); x = x * x; MessageBox.Show(x.ToString()); }