B2 Revision Booklet Name: Class:

B2 REVISION – CHAPTER 1 – CELLS, TISSUES & ORGANS What do plant cells have that animal cells do not? What is the function of: Nucleus – Mitochondria Ribosomes Chloroplasts Cell Wall Sketch and label a plant and an animal cell; Use pictures and words to describe the three ways substances can move in and out of cells Diffusion What is a tissue? What is an organ? What is an organ system? Draw and label 2 specialised cells. Explain their structure is adapted to suit their function KEY WORDS: Nucleus Diffusion Cytoplasm Concentration gradient Cell membrane Mitochondria Multicellular Ribosome Tissue Chloroplast Organ Vacuole Organ system Specialised ASSESSMENT:

B2 REVISION – CHAPTER 2 – ORGANISMS IN THE ENVIRONMENT What is the equation for photosynthesis Where in the plant does it occur? How are leaves adapted to perform photosynthesis? Explain how plants use glucose for the following: Respiration Transport Storage How doe the follow factors affect organisms in their environment? Temperature: Light: Water: CO2 and O2: Explain how light, CO2 and temperature are limiting factors of photosynthesis How do we measure the distribution of organisms? How do we know this data is accurate? KEY WORDS: Photosynthesis Median Glucose Mode Limiting factors Transect Quadrat Reproducible Sample size Valid Range Variables Mean ASSESSMENT:

B2 REVISION – CHAPTER 3 – ENZYMES What are enzymes made from? What do enzymes do? How do they work? (explain & draw the lock & key mechanism How can we speed up digestion? Changing the pH: Altering the surface area: What are the 3 groups of enzymes in digestion? What is their substrate and what do they break them down into? 1) 2) 3) Why is the stomach acidic? What is bile, what does it do and how does it do it? What effect does temperature have on enzyme activity What effect does pH have on enzyme activity Describe 3 industrial uses for enzymes KEY WORDS: Catalysts Protease Enzyme Lipase Active site Bile Denatured Emulsifiers Digested Biological detergents Carbohydrase Amylase ASSESSMENT:

B2 REVISION – CHAPTER 4 – ENERGY FROM RESPIRATION A student pedalled an exercise cycle at constant speed for 5 minutes. The student’s heart rate was recorded at one-minute intervals during the exercise and also during recovery. Describe the effect exercise has on the heart: A student‘s breathing was monitored before and after vigorous exercise. The student breathed in and out through a special apparatus. The graphs show the changes in the volume of air inside the apparatus. Each time the student breathed in, the line on the graph dropped. Each time the student breathed out, the line went up. Describe the effect of exercise has on breathing: What is the formula for aerobic respiration? What is the role of mitochondria in respiration? Why do organisms respire? What is anaerobic respiration? How does it cause muscle fatigue? What is oxygen debt? KEY WORDS: Aerobic respiration Mitochondria Glycogen Anaerobic respiration Oxygen debt ASSESSMENT:

B2 REVISION – CHAPTER 5 – SIMPLE INHERITANCE What is mitosis and why is it needed? What is differentiation? How does it differ in plants and animals? What is meiosis? Why is it important? How does it help generate variation? What are stem cells? State 2 uses of stem cells: State 2 problems with stem cell research: Chromosomes are made of long strands of what? Small sections of this are called what? What do genes code for? What is DNA fingerprinting? How many chromosomes in a) gamete and b) somatic cell? What is an allele? What does a) dominant; and b) recessive mean? What is Cystic Fibrosis and what causes it? Draw the punnet's square for 2 CF carriers KEY WORDS: Alleles DNA finger printing Mitosis Meiosis Chromosomes Stem cells Dominant Therapeutic cloning Recessive Polydactyly Mendel Cystic fibrosis ASSESSMENT:

B2 REVISION – CHAPTER 6 – OLD & NEW SPECIES How do these fossils support the theory of evolution What are fossils? How are they formed? What can we learn from fossils? Why do we describe fossil records as incomplete? What is extinction? Describe how… …environmental change leads to extinction …organisms can cause extinction Describe how new species can evolve through geographical isolation: Higher: include info on speciation What caused the extinction of the dinosaurs? KEY WORDS: Fossils Extinction Geographical isolation Endemic Speciation ASSESSMENT: