UWB UWB: High speed(>100Mbps), small area(WPAN), accurate positioning and distance measuring. Blue tooth: although it’s low speed, it has a more mature standard and applied widely in the market, the cooperation between them will better. For UWB, it’s a good way to access internet of things, because the basic vista of UWB is to achieve wireless USB, wireless 1394 and other wireless devices in office. Disadvantage: 1. Generate signal by pulse, have small impact on traditional radio signal, but actually unknown the interfere on other existing technologies such as GSM and GPS. 2. It’s not applied widely and have no unified standard. Wimedia and DS-UWB.

Internet of Things IPv4 & IPv6 in WSNs UPM E.U.I.T.T Xi Chen

Contents Comparison of IPv4 & IPv6 2 Brief Introduction to IPv4&IPv Why IPv6 in WSNs of IoT

Brief Introduction  Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the next- generation Internet Layer protocol for packet- switched internetworks and the Internet.  IPv4 is currently the dominant Internet Protocol version.  IPv6 is designed as a successor of IPv4 by IETF at 1998.

Comparison FeatureIPv4IPv6 Address32 bits long 128 bits long, Basic architecture is 64 bits for the network number and 64 bits for the host number. Address SpaceOver 10 9 possible addressOver possible address. Packet Header Variable size, bytes, depending on header option, but time-consuming. Fixed size, 40 bytes, no header option, more efficient.

Comparison FeatureIPv4IPv6 Special fields in header Many types, often not supported by vendors due to impact on performance. Eliminated for efficiency or replaced by other features. Extend header. Casting type MulticastAnycast Fragmentation Done by routers, multi-step to process. impacting routing performance. Mostly done at once by host, after MTU discovery over the path, improving router performance.

Comparison FeatureIPv4IPv6 Fragmentation When a packet is too big for the next link over which it is to travel, it can be fragmented by the sender (host or router). For IPv6, fragmentation can only occur at the source node, and reassembly is only done at the destination node. Configuration Configuration must be done on a newly installed system before it can communicate. Auto-configuration, neighbor discovery algorithm builds routing paths. Security No authentication or encryption at IP level. Authentication Encryption

Comparison FeatureIPv4IPv6 QoS Defined but not generally used consistently. Flow labeling priority support for real-time data and multimedia distribution. MobilityMobile IPMobile IP with direct routing

Comparison

Why IPv6 in WSNs of IoT Address Deploying the internet of things require a large mount of sensor nodes. For IPv4, the address is not sufficient to obtain it. More than 70% of the IPv6 address are reserved for future use, in terms of Earth, there will have 6.7*10 17 per mm 2 IP address, it will be enough for Internet of Things use.

Why IPv6 in WSNs of IoT Header Extension header in IPv6 will better the routing performance. The option of IPV4 need time to check, but extension header can routing without check by router. The content of header. IPv4: decided by router and source. IPv6: decided only by source. It’s better for the feature of IoT: low energy consumption on node. Disadvantage: fixed header.

Why IPv6 in WSNs of IoT Flexible option Nodes in IoT are different from function to size, this feature requires different nodes should send extra information. For IPv4, although it has option in header, time consumption is large and the option is fixed in a range of functions. For IPv6, the extension header is prepare for this kind of use, people can write in what they need in these extension header.

Why IPv6 in WSNs of IoT Mobility management Enough address space is better for direct routing. More important: seamless connection with IPv6 internet. Good expansibility and commonality.

Why IPv6 in WSNs of IoT Privacy and security Firstly, the nodes may be tapped and data may be modified. Secondly, the privacy of individual information. IPv4: has no so much security measure. IPv6: IPsec AH provides integrity authentication of the source optional replay protection. Encryption provides the protection of privacy of individual information

Why IPv6 in WSNs of IoT Auto-configuration The nodes of Internet of Things could be placed in different situations, some of which are difficult to reach after or before deploying. Neighbor discovery technology

Why IPv6 in WSNs of IoT QoS NameFeature Flow label For special communication need by some IoT nodes. Auto-configurationFor crucial condition nodes use. Mobile IP & VoIPBetter performance than IPv4 Anycast Better routing method and energy, lifetime saving.

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