Wei Ai, M.D., Ph.D. June 2012
I. Lymphoma: bendamustine II. CLL/SLL: Btk inhibitor III. Pre-B ALL: Bite biphasic antibody IV. Multiple Myeloma: Carfilzomib
National LymphoCare Study N = 2728 Friedberg, et al., JCO 2009 R + chemotherapy: RegimenUsers (%) RCHOP 55.0% RCVP23.1% R-fludarabine15.5% Other6.4%
Newly diagnosed indolent lymphoma or mantle cell lymphoma: - Follicular lymphoma (grade 1-3a), small lymphocytic lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, wadenstroms, mantle cell lymphoma (elderly) Stage III and IV Meet criteria for initiating treatment
Samantha Mary Jaglowski, et al. The Ohio State University
BTK inhibitor, an oral agent, showed promising activity as a single agent in untreated elderly pts (>65 yo) with CLL/SLL (John Byrd 2012 ASCO) - N = 26 - ORR 81%, CR 12% with medium f/u 14 mos Ofatumumab is active in fludarabine- or alemtumumab-refractory CLL/SLL pts: ORR approximately 50% Wierda, et al., JCO 2010
Ibrutinib 420 mg po qd Oftumumab mg C2, day mg C2,days 8, 15, mg C3, days 1, 8, 15, mg C4-8, day 1 only
To determine the toxicity of the combination regimen - Tolerability is defined as no more than 1 DLT in the first 6 pts treated for 2 cycles To evaluate ORR at one year: N = 27, including the initial 6
CLL/SLL or Richter’s transformation Two or more prior therapy, including a purine analog- containing regimen More than 10% CD20 expression on CLL cells by flow cytometry Adequate organ functions
Ibrutinib combined with ofatumumab is a well tolerated and highly active regimen in patients with relapsed and refractory CLL/SLL
Max Topp et al.
Topp, et al., JCO % 15 ug/m 2 /24 hrs CIV x 4 weeks, 2 weeks off, q 6wk-cycle
Dose-finding Phase: - Cohorts: 1, 2a, 2b Expansion Phase: Dosing: CIV 4 wks on, 2 wks off, for up to 5 cycles - CR/CRh within the first 2 cycles -> allo Primary Endpoint: CR/CRh within 2 cycles
R/R ALL, > 5% blasts in BM Ph+ and relapsed after allo were permitted
Selected dose for expansion cohort based on lowest treatment-related AEs (3/5 pts): 5ug/m2/d CIV week 1, then 15ug/m2/d CIV thereafter
N = 23 Median Age 31 (21 – 66) Refractory1 (4%) Relapsed21 (91%) 1 st relapse <= 18 mos 9 (43%) 1 st relapse > 18 mos4 (19%) >= 2 nd relapse8 (38%) Prior SCT10 (43%) Ph +2 (9%) T (4,11)1 (4%) Blasts in BM >60%12 (52%) 10% - 60%6 (24%) < 10%4 (17%)
Cytokine release syndrome - Risks: high tumor burden ans without cytoreductive phase - Prevention: cytoreduction 5ug/m2 wk 1 and give Dex for BM>50% CNS Adverse Events: - 3 seizures and 3 encephalopathy: fully reversible - all 6 pts continued at 5 ug/m2 One pt died of fungal infection
CR/CRh: 17/23 pts (74%) All but 2 responders achieved molecular remission High remission rate in all pt groups, including Ph+ 13 pts received an allogeneic SCT With a median follow-up of 4.5 months, median duration of response was 8.9 for all cohorts, not yet reached for the expansion cohort
Well-tolerated at 5 ug/m2/d followed by 15 ug/m2/d CIV, 4 weeks on, 2 weeks off High hematologic and molecular response rate Median duration of complete hematologic response was 8.9 months Median survival was 9 months
Carfilzomib Coming to the Front-line
Disease status - High risk, intermediate risk vs low risk - special clinical scenarios: plasma leukemia, renal failure Patient factors - Transplant eligibility - PS and comorbidity Clinical benefit - response and OS - QOL Toxicity and convenience Cost
Newly approved second-in-class proteasome inhibitor Well tolerated, no neurotoxicity Overcome bortezomib resistance in vitro Active alone and in combination regimens for relapsed/refractory MM Kuhn et al., Blood 2007, O’Connor Clin Cancer Res 2009, Wang, M et al., JCO 2011 Abstract 8052, Vij, et al., Blood, 2012
CMP carfilzomib, melphalan, prednisone CYCLONE carfilzomib, cyclophosphamide thalidomide dexamethasone CRd carfilzomib, lenalidomide dexamethasone Key CriteriaTransplant ineligible >65 yo Transplant eligibleTransplant ineligible or eligible Comparative or Parent regimens VMPCyBorD CTD RVD,VTD, VTD
Carfilzomib: 20mg/m 2 first week, 27mg/m 2 thereafter
Stringent complete response (sCR) in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) treated with carfilzomib (CFZ), lenalidomide (LEN), and dexamethasone (DEX) AJ Jakubowiak, 1 K Griffith, 2 D Dytfeld, 3 DH Vesole, 4 S Jagannath, 5 T Anderson, 2 B Nordgren, 2 K Detweiler-Short, 2 D Lebovic, 2 K Stockerl-Goldstein, 6 T Jobkar, 2 S Wear, 7 A Al-Zoubi, 2 A Ahmed, 2 M Mietzel, 2 D Couriel, 2 M Kaminski, 2 M Hussein, 8 H Yeganegi, 9 R Vij 6 1 University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; 2 University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; 3 Poznan University of edical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; 4 John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ; 5 Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY; 6 Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; 7 Multiple Myeloma Research Consortium, Norwalk, CT; 8 Celgene, Inc, Summit, NJ; 9 Onyx Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA
Objectives Primary Phase 1: MTD of CRd Phase 1/2: rate of ≥nCR Secondary Overall response rate (≥PR) TTP, DOR, PFS, and OS Tolerability and toxicity For transplant candidates, evaluate the impact of CRd on stem cell mobilization Evaluate prognostic factors and markers of response 4
Eligibility Key inclusion criteria Newly-diagnosed MM requiring first-line therapy 1 - Transplant-eligible and -ineligible Measurable disease per IMWG Criteria 1 ECOG performance status 0-2 Key exclusion criteria Grade 3/4 peripheral neuropathy ANC <1.0 x10 9 /L, Hgb <8.0 g/dL, platelets <75,000/µL Creatinine clearance <50 mL/min or serum creatinine ≥2 g/dL Serious co-morbidities 1. Durie BGM, et al. Leukemia. 2006;20:
Treatment Schema Transplant- eligible and -ineligible patients CRd Induction - CRd Cycles 1-4CRd Cycles 5-8 Transplant-eligible ≥PRASCT Stem cell collection CRdLenalidomide Maintenance(off protocol) CRd Cycles 9-24LEN Cycles 25+ Until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity Assessments on D1 and 15 of C1 and D1 thereafter using modified IMWG Criteria with nCR Cycles CFZ mg/m 2 Days 1-2, 8-9, LEN 25 mg Days 1-21 DEX 40 mg weekly Cycles 1- 4, 20 mg weekly Cycles 5-8 Cycles CFZ on Days and only CFZ, LEN, DEX at last best tolerated doses Cycles 25+ LEN at last best tolerated dose 1. Jakubowiak AJ, et al. Blood. 2011;118: abstract
Best Response Median 12 cycles (range 1-25 ) ≥PR ≥VGPR≥nCRsCR All patients N=53 There was no difference by disease stage and cytogenetics 9
Progression-free Survival Median follow-up of 13 months (range 4-25) 2 patients progressed All patients with sCR have maintained response for median 9 months (range 1-20) 12
Updated Toxicity of CRd Induction Thrombocytopenia Grade 3/4 Anemia Neutropenia Any grade Hyperglycemia Edema Hypophosphatemia Fatigue Muscle cramping LFTs Rash Diarrhea Infection Phlebitis Peripheral neuropathy Dyspnea DVT/PE Renal Constipation Mood alterations Patients (%) Toxicity for cycles 1-8 is similar to previously reported 1 Limited dose modifications 1. Jakubowiak AJ, et al. Blood. 2011;118: abstract
CMP carfilzomib, melphalan, prednisone N = 35 CYCLONE carfilzomib, cyclophosphamide thalidomide dexamethasone N = 24 CRd carfilzomib, lenalidomide dexamethasone N = 53 Transplant ineligible >65 yo Transplant eligibleTransplant ineligible or eligible Comparative or Parent regimens VMPCyBorD CTD RVD,VTD, VTD ORR - CR - sCR - nCR - VGPR - PR 31(89%) 1 (3%) 14 (40%) 16 (46%) 23 (96%) 7 (29%) 11 (46%) 5 (21%) 52 (98%) 33 (62%) 22 (42%) 11 (20%) 10 (19%) 9 (17%)
Highly active as a first-line treatment for MM The quality of response seems improved in some studies Tolerability seems improved with minimum peripheral neuropathy, although comparison with SQ bortezomib remain to be investigated
Lymphoma and CLL/SLL The Stil trial established R-Benda as the preferred first-line treatment for FL and MCL Ofatumumab + ibrutinib (Btk inhibitor) is highly active in relapsed/refractory CLL/SLL Acute Leukemia Blinatumumab (Bite biphasic antibody) is highly active in relapsed/refractory ALL Multiple Myeloma Carfilzomib is moving to the front line
Grade 3/4 CHOP-R N =253 BR N = 261 Neutropenia69%29% lymphopenia43%74%
Topp, et al., JCO 2011