Neck, Trunk, & Pelvis

Scalenes Origin Cervical vertebrae Insertion First two ribs Action Flex + slightly rotate neck Innervation Anterior primary rami of C5, 6; (Rami and trunks of brachial plexus passes between anterior and middle scalenes) Arterial Supply (Subclavian vein passes anterior to anterior scalene; Subclavian artery passes posterior to anterior scalene)

Sternocleidomastoid Origin Manubrium, clavicle Insertion Mastoid process Action flex + rotate head Innervation Accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) Arterial Supply Sternocleidomastoid artery

Levator Scapulae Origin Cervical vertebrae Insertion Superior part of medial border of scapula Action Elevates scapula Innervation Dorsal scapula (C5) and cervical (C3 and C4) nerves Arterial Supply Dorsal scapular artery

Splenius Origin Thoracic vertebrae Insertion Mastoid process Action Extends and rotates head and neck Innervation Dorsal rami Arterial Supply Muscular branch of occipital artery

Origin Clavicle, sternum, 6th costal cartilage Insertion humerus Action Flexes, adducts, + medially rotates arm Innervation Medial and lateral pectoral nerves Arterial Supply pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk

Pectoralis Minor Origin 3rd to 5th ribs Insertion coracoid process Action Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall Innervation Medial pectoral nerves; clavicular head (C8 and T1) Arterial Supply Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk

Serratus Anterior Origin Ribs Insertion Scapula Action protract + superiorly rotate scapula Innervation long thoracic nerve Arterial Supply lateral thoracic artery

Trapezius Origin thoracic/cervical vertebrae, occiput Insertion clavicle, acromion, + spine of scapula Action elevate, retract, depress, + superiorly rotate scapula Innervation Accessory nerve (CN XI) Arterial Supply Transverse cervical artery

Origin thoracocervical vertebrae Insertion Medial border of scapula Action Retract + inferiorly rotate scapula Innervation Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5) Arterial Supply Dorsal scapular artery

Rhomboid Origin thoracocervical vertebrae Insertion Medial border of scapula Action Retract + inferiorly rotate scapula Innervation Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5) Arterial Supply Dorsal scapular artery

Latissimus Dorsi Origin Thoracolumbar fascia, thoracic vertebra, illiac crest, ribs Insertion humerus Action Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus; raises body toward arms during climbing Innervation Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, and C8) Arterial Supply Thoracodorsal artery

Teres Major Origin Inferior angle of scapula Insertion Humerus Action Adducts and medially rotates arm; assist arm extension Innervation Lower subscapular nerve (C6 and C7) Arterial Supply Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries

Teres Minor Origin Lateral border of scapula Insertion Greater tuberosity of humerus Action Laterally rotate arm; hold humeral head in glenoid fossa Innervation Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) Arterial Supply Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries

Infraspinatus Origin Medial border of scapula Insertion Greater tuberosity of humerus Action Laterally rotate arm; helps to hold humeral head in glenoid fossa Innervation Suprascapular nerve (C5 and C6) Arterial Supply Suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries

Supraspinatus Origin Supraspinous fossa of scapula Insertion Greater tuberosity of humerus Action Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction Innervation Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5 and C6) Arterial Supply Suprascapular artery

Subscapularis Origin Subscapular fossa of scapula Insertion Lesser tuberosity of humerus Action Medially rotates arm and adducts it; helps to hold humeral head in glenoid cavity. Innervation Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6 and C7) Arterial Supply Subscapular artery

Deltoids Origin clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula Insertion humerus Action All movements of arm except adduction Innervation Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) Arterial Supply anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries

Iliopsoas Origin Lumbar vertebrae and iliac fossa Insertion Lesser trochanter of femur Action Flex the torso and thigh with respect to each other; flex the thigh at the hip joint Innervation Psoas: lumbar plexus; L1-4 Iliacus: femoral nerve (L2-4) Arterial Supply Internal iliac artery

Gluteus Maximus Origin Sacrum and pelvis Insertion Femur and iliotibial band to tibia Action Major extensor of thigh at hip joint Innervation Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2) Arterial Supply Inferior and superior gluteal arteries

Gluteus Medius Origin Dorsal ilium inferior to iliac crest Insertion Greater trochanter Action Major abductor of thigh; rotate thigh medially and laterally Innervation Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) Arterial Supply Superior gluteal artery

Gluteus Minimus Origin Dorsal ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines Insertion Greater trochanter Action Abducts and medially rotates the thigh Innervation Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) Arterial Supply Superior gluteal artery

Piriformis Origin Sacrum Insertion Greater trochanter Action Lateral rotator of the hip joint; also helps abduct the hip if it is flexed Innervation Piriformis nerve (S1, S2) Arterial Supply Superior and inferior gluteal and internal pudendal arteries

Tensor Fasciae Latae Origin ASIS Insertion Iliotibial band to tibia Action Helps stabilize and steady the hip and knee joints by putting tension on the iliotibial band of fascia Innervation Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) Arterial Supply Superior gluteal and lateral circumflex femoral artery