Implications and Realities of IPv6 Christian Huitema Architect, Windows ® Networking Microsoft ® Corporation

How will IPv6 change the world? Global addressing: Global addressing:  format: 1.8E+19 networks, units  1E+16 networks, assuming IPv4 efficiency  1 million networks per human  2 networks per sq.ft of Earth (20 per m 2 ) Plug and play: Plug and play:  IP networking easier than IPX Efficient mobility: Efficient mobility:  Simple instant-on ad-hoc networking  Mobile IP, without servers, without dogleg

Problem 1: Peer-to-peer RTP audio example With NAT: With NAT:  Need to learn the address “outside the NAT”  Provide that address to peer  Need either NAT-aware application, or application-aware NAT  May need a third party registration server to facilitate finding peers Home LAN Internet P1 NAT Home LAN P2 NAT

Solution 1: Peer-to-peer RTP audio example With IPv6: With IPv6:  Just use IPv6 address P1P2 Home LAN Internet Home Gateway Home LAN Home Gateway

Problem 2: Multiparty Conference Example With NAT, complex and brittle software: With NAT, complex and brittle software:  2 Addresses, inside and outside  P1 provides “inside address” to P3, “outside address” to P2  Need to recognize inside, outside  P1 does not know outside address of P3 to inform P2 P1P2 P3 Home LAN Internet NAT Home LAN NAT

Solution 2: Multiparty IPv6 Conference Example With IPv6: With IPv6:  Just use IPv6 addresses P1P2 P3 Home LAN Internet Home Gateway Home LAN Home Gateway

Problem 3: Ad-hoc networking IPv4: media lock + 63 sec. IPv4: media lock + 63 sec.  Try DHCP  Wait for timeout  Select AutoNet address  Conflict detect

Solution 3: Ad-hoc networking IPv6: media lock + 1 sec. IPv6: media lock + 1 sec.  Configure using MAC  Conflict detect

‘cell’ B Problem 4: Move from “cell” to “cell” IPv4: IPv4:  Tell server,  Packets are relayed through the server P1 P2 ‘cell’ A Internet Relay

‘cell’ B Solution 4: Move from “cell” to “cell” with IPv6 IPv6: IPv6:  Tell server + peer  Packets take direct path P1 P2 ‘cell’ A Internet Relay

If IPv6 is so great, how come it is not there yet? Network Network  No “push-button” transition  Need to ramp-up investment Applications Applications  Need upfront investment, stacks, etc.  Similar to Y2K, 32 bit vs. “clean address type”

Pure “Version 6” Internet Original “Version 4” Internet 6to4 Site Transition, with 6to4: No dependency on “core”

6to4 addresses: 1 v4 address = 1 v6 network Stateless tunnel over the IPv4 network without configuration Stateless tunnel over the IPv4 network without configuration  The IPv6 address contains the IPv4 address  Entire campus infrastructure fits behind single IPv4 address FP (3bits)TLA (13bits)IPv4 Address (32bits)SLA ID (16bits)Interface ID (64bits) 0010x0002ISP assignedLocally administeredAuto configured

Recent Press on IPv6 May 16, 2000 — The nationwide Internet2™ backbone network, Abilene, today announced it has deployed IPv6, the next generation version of protocols that form the basis of the Internet. … a project of the University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development (UCAID) in partnership with Qwest Communications, Cisco Systems, Nortel Networks and Indiana University May 16, 2000 — The nationwide Internet2™ backbone network, Abilene, today announced it has deployed IPv6, the next generation version of protocols that form the basis of the Internet. … a project of the University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development (UCAID) in partnership with Qwest Communications, Cisco Systems, Nortel Networks and Indiana University May 15, 2000 — Apple® today released its fourth developer preview of Mac® OS X … The pre-release of IPv6 and IPsec technologies for Mac OS X is available for Developer Preview-4. May 15, 2000 — Apple® today released its fourth developer preview of Mac® OS X … The pre-release of IPv6 and IPsec technologies for Mac OS X is available for Developer Preview-4. May 08, 2000 — Nokia has established a company-wide program to promote the IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) standard for increased Internet address space for the Mobile Internet. May 08, 2000 — Nokia has established a company-wide program to promote the IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) standard for increased Internet address space for the Mobile Internet. March 20, 2000 — Japanese telecommunications giant NTT last week announced the first commercial Internet service supporting IPv6 … March 20, 2000 — Japanese telecommunications giant NTT last week announced the first commercial Internet service supporting IPv6 … March 14, 2000 — Cisco Systems, the leading provider of Internet routers, this week affirmed for the first time that its software and hardware products will support IPv6 … IOS software, scheduled to ship in October. March 14, 2000 — Cisco Systems, the leading provider of Internet routers, this week affirmed for the first time that its software and hardware products will support IPv6 … IOS software, scheduled to ship in October. March 15, 2000 — Microsoft Corp. today announced it will make the technical preview of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) available for free* download on the Microsoft Software Developers Network (MSDN TM ) Web site March 15, 2000 — Microsoft Corp. today announced it will make the technical preview of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) available for free* download on the Microsoft Software Developers Network (MSDN TM ) Web site

Microsoft Roadmap Phase 1 - March 1998 => MSR releases prototype for NT4 Phase 1 - March 1998 => MSR releases prototype for NT4  IPv6 on MSR Web Phase 2 - March 2000 => Early developer release for W2k Phase 2 - March 2000 => Early developer release for W2k  IPv6 on MSDN Web Next phase: Next phase:  Work on further IPv6 release  Test and port applications, test the transition tools. Goal: IPv6 and IPv4 parity Goal: IPv6 and IPv4 parity  Customer chooses! Eventually => IPv4 becomes legacy Eventually => IPv4 becomes legacy

Key Messages Ipv6 direct addressing of all stations enables peer-to-peer, conferencing, auto-configuration, mobility. Ipv6 direct addressing of all stations enables peer-to-peer, conferencing, auto-configuration, mobility. Transition to Ipv6 akin to Y2K (upgrade all SW to 128-bit addresses) Transition to Ipv6 akin to Y2K (upgrade all SW to 128-bit addresses) To help industry move along this path, MSFT proposed a stack for Win2000 and MS will continue to iterate this based on industry feedback To help industry move along this path, MSFT proposed a stack for Win2000 and MS will continue to iterate this based on industry feedback

For More Information Microsoft IPv6 Tech Preview News Microsoft IPv6 Tech Preview News  ess/2000/Mar00/IPv6PR.asp Microsoft IPv6 Tech Preview Kit Microsoft IPv6 Tech Preview Kit  dks/platform/tpipv6.asp Microsoft IPv6 white paper Microsoft IPv6 white paper  ork/ipvers6.asp IPv6 industry site IPv6 industry site 