Nobelpris i fysik 2009 "for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor" Willard S. Boyle b. 1924 George E. Smith b. 1930

Timeline 1884 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Paul Nipkow sends images over wires using a rotating metal disk technology calling it the electric telescope with 18 lines of resolution.

Timeline 1884 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 John Baird's 30 line images were the first demonstrations of television by reflected light rather than back-lit silhouettes. Recording of dancing girls.

Timeline 1884 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 The Russian inventor, Vladimir Zworykin invented the cathode-ray-tube called the kinescope in 1929. The kinescope tube was sorely needed for television.

Timeline 1884 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Vladimir Zworykin developed a camera tube called the Orthicon. The Orthicon had enough light sensitivity to record outdoor events at night. Vladimir Zworykin developed an even better camera tube called the Vidicon.

Timeline 1884 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 First MOS transistor build at Bell Labs. Bobeck and his team demonstrates magnetic bubble memory at Bell Labs. AT&T launches Telstar, the first satellite to carry TV broadcasts - broadcasts are now internationally relayed.

Timeline 1884 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Boyle and Smith invents the Charge Coupled Device CCD.

Timeline 1884 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 The wave nature of matter The transistor The electronic structure of glass and magnetic materials The Cosmic microwave radiation Nobel avards to Bell Labs Ivan Stensgaard employed at Bell The cooling and trapping of atoms The fractional quantum Hall effect. The CCD sensor

The CCD principle Boyle and Smith got inspiration from the Metal Oxide Semiconductor structure (MOS). And from the Magnetic Bubble Memory.

The CCD principle The basic MOS structure Moving the charges

The CCD principle

The first CCD Images from ‘The invention and early history of the CCD’ G E Smith NIM A 607 (2009) 1–6

The CCD

CCD at this Department The individual pixels spaced at 27 μm. CCD used at the Ole Rømer observatory Around 1990. 512x512 pixels

Astronomic images Photographic image CCD image

Digital color cameras Department Private Astronomy Kepler Medion MD9700 2003 2272x1704 pixels Kr. 2000 Casio QV10 1995 320x240 pixels Kr. 7000 Special camera 2009 ~9800x9800 pixels $. A lot Area: 30x30 cm2 FujiFilm 2005 1280x960 pixels Kr. 300 Kodak DC-120 1997 1280x960 pixels Kr. 10000 Samsung L55W 2006 2944x1656 pixels Kr. 1500

CCD’s for all, a WEB camera The individual R G B pixels Spaced around 8.7 μm. Color CCD from an early cheap WEB camera. Around 1999. 644x484 pixels

CCD in optical mouse Chip 2.5x2.5 mm2 CCD 1.2x1.2 mm2 18x18 pixels

The Nobel Laurates 1970

Nobelpris i fysik 2009 "for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor" Willard S. Boyle b. 1924 George E. Smith b. 1930