The Mole Concept Chemistry. What is a mole? The mole is a unit used to measure very small quantities – Such as atoms, particles, molecules, ions, etc.

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Presentation transcript:

The Mole Concept Chemistry

What is a mole? The mole is a unit used to measure very small quantities – Such as atoms, particles, molecules, ions, etc. – One mole = x The mole is similar to the concept of a dozen – One dozen = 12

=

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One mole can represent many things! One dozen would be… 12 eggs 12 atoms 12 chemistry teachers One mole would be… 6.02 x eggs 6.02 x atoms 6.02 x chemistry teachers!

Amadeo Avogadro The concept of the mole is attributed to Avogadro, and is referred to as Avogadro’s number

A Mole Can Represent Anything Atoms Molecules Particles Planets Coins

Mole Conversions Example Problems 1.If I have 3 moles of He gas, how many particles is this? 2.If I have 8.0 x atoms of iron, Fe, how many moles is this? 1.81 x particles He 13.3 mol Fe

Molar Mass The mass of one mole of a substance – Based on their atomic masses on the periodic table – By convention, we will round atomic masses to 3 sig figs – Molar masses can be used as a conversion factor Molar Mass has units of grams per mole (or g/mol)

Molar Mass Example Problems 1.What is the molar mass of iron? 2.How many grams of iron are there in 8.00 moles? 55.8 g/mol Fe 446 g Fe

Molar Mass Example Problems 3.How many moles are in 10.0 grams of magnesium? 4.How many moles are in 5.3 grams of boron? mol Mg mol B

Molar Mass Practice Problems 1.How many grams of sulfur are there in 2.5 moles? 2.How many grams of aluminum are there in 2.00 moles? 80.3 g S 54 g Al

Molar Mass Practice Problems 3.How many moles are there in 3.4 grams of carbon? 4.How many moles are there in 2.00 grams of neon? mol C mol Ne

Molar Mass of Molecules Using the molar mass for each element, find the total molar mass of a molecule Example Problems 1.What is the molar mass of H 2 O? 2.What is the molar mass of CO 2 ? g/mol H 2 O 44 g/mol CO 2

Molar Mass of Molecules Practice Problems 1.What is the molar mass of C 3 H 8 ? 2.What is the molar mass of CH 3 I? 44.1 g/mol C 3 H g/mol CH 3 I

Molar Mass of Molecules Example Problems 1.If I have 5.00 grams of NaCl, how many moles is this? 2.If I have 4.50 moles of water, H 2 O, how many grams is this? mol NaCl 81.1 g H 2 O

Molar Mass of Molecules How many particles are there in 3.00 grams of ammonia (NH 3 )? 1.06 x particles NH 3

Molar Mass of Molecules Practice Problems 1.How many moles are in 1.2 grams of methane gas (CH 4 )? 2.How many grams are in 4.3 moles of propane (C 3 H 8 )? mol CH g C 3 H 8

Molar Mass of Molecules How much do 1.3 x 1024 atoms of H2O weigh (in grams)? (2 steps!) g H 2 O