Understanding DOE-HDBK-3010 Without Becoming an Accident Analyst Roger Lanning Waste Treatment Plant - Hanford Santa Fe EFCOG, May 7, 2012 U.S. Department of Energy

2 DOE-HDBK-3010: Otherwise known as… The Accident Analysis Handbook Mishima’s Handbook DOE 3010 The DOE Handbook DOE-HDBK , “Airborne Release Fractions/Rates and Respirable Fractions for Non-Reactor Nuclear Facilities”

3 Accident Analysis Method Focus on co-located worker and public receptor Inhalation dose dominates the overall dose Determine the amount of radioactive material driven airborne to estimate downwind consequences for an accident Airborne source term estimated by 5-factor formula

4 The 5-Factor Formula Source Term = MAR x DR x LPF x ARF x RF where: MAR= Material at risk (curies or grams) DR= Damage ratio LPF= Leak path factor ARF= Airborne release fraction RF= Respirable fraction

5 The 5-Factor Formula Source Term = MAR x DR x LPF x ARF x RF where: MAR= Material at risk (curies or grams) DR= Damage ratioset to 1.0 LPF= Leak path factorset to 1.0 ARF= Airborne release fraction RF= Respirable fraction

6 The 5-Factor Formula Source Term = MAR x ARF x RF where: MAR= Material at risk (curies or grams) ARF= Airborne release fraction RF= Respirable fraction

7 Baking Powder Demonstration The cup of baking powder represents an amount of material at risk (MAR) Accident: Drop or spill of powder The visible cloud is a good indication of the aerosol released from the accident (ARF) The very small particles more closely represent the respirable fraction (RF) How much respirable aerosol was produced?

8 Creation of the DOE-HDBK-3010 During 1980’s DOE began to increasingly emphasize ES&H issues DOE sponsored the Defense Programs Safety Survey in 1993 One objective of survey was to “Develop consistent data and methodologies for making conservative estimates of basic consequence derivation parameters” The research and compilation of data was documented in DOE-HDBK-3010 (two volumes)

9 Goals of DOE-HDBK-3010 Systematically compile airborne release and respirable fraction experimental data for non-reactor nuclear facilities Assess available data Provide values derived from data assessment that may be used in accident analysis

10 DOE-HDBK-3010 Team Mr. Jofu MishimaMr. David Pinkston Dr. Chris Amos, SAIC Mr. John Joyce, WHC Ms. Marcel Ballinger, PNL Mr. Randy Kircher, H&R Tech. Assoc. Dr. Sanford Bloom, MMES-OR Dr. Bob Luna, SNL Dr. Bruce Boughton, SNL Ms. Lenna Mahonney, PNL Dr. Sandra Brereton, LLNL Mr. Bob Marusich, PNL Dr. Donald Chung, Scientech Dr. Louis Muhlenstein, WHC Mr. Chris Everett, SAIC Dr. Louis Restrepo, SNL Dr. Roland Felt, WINCO Mr. Fred Stetson, SAIC Mr. Terri Foppe, EG&G-Rocky Flats Dr. Doug Stevens, LLNL Mr. Abel Garcia, LLNL Mr. Ray Sullivan, SAIC Dr. Norman Grandjean, SNL Ms. Wendy Ting, SAIC Dr. John Haschke, LANL Mr. John Van Kieren, WHC Mr. Hans Jordan, EG&G-Rocky Flats Dr. David Wilson, WSRC

11 Handbook Contains Identification of consequence determination methodology Discussion of applicability of the information and its general technical limits Identification of types of accident conditions for which the information is applicable Examples of use of the consequence determination methodology and ARF / RF information

12 Accident Types in 3010 Gases i.Condensable and non-condensable Liquids i.Thermal Stress (boiling/flashing) ii.Explosive stress a. Shock/blast b. Sprays iii.Free-fall spill iv.Re-suspension

13 Accident Types in 3010 Solids i.Material types a. Metals b. Non-metals/composites (glass) c. Powders ii.Thermal stress (burning) iii.Explosive stress (shock and blast) iv.Free fall/impact v.Aerodynamic entrainment and re-suspension

14 Accident Types in 3010 Surface Contamination i.Contaminated equipment and filters ii.Thermal stress (burning) iii.Shock/blast effects iv.Free fall/impact Criticality i.Total fission yield ii.Material released in criticality excursions

15 Organization of 3010 Volume 1: Analysis of Experimental Data i.Source term methodology ii.Summary of research and data iii.Recommended ARF and RF values iv.Application examples Volume 2: Appendices i.Tables and figures from reference documents ii.Example facilities (Production Lab, HVAC, ion exchange)

16 Example Application of DOE-HDBK-3010 Flashing spray of superheated liquids DOE-HDBK-3010, Pg 3-26 Research and experiments Recommended ARF x RF i.< 50°C superheat: ARF 1E-2, RF 0.6 ii.50°C - 100°C superheat: ARF 1E-1, RF 0.7 Empirical correlations for > 100°C

17 Example Application of DOE-HDBK-3010 Blowout of HEPA filter DOE-HDBK-3010, Section 5.4 Research and experiments Recommended ARF x RF i.Pressure pulse: ARF 2E-6, RF 1.0 ii.Blast effects: ARF 1E-1, RF 0.7 iii.Impact stress: ARF 5E-3, RF 1.0 iv.Crushing enclosed filter: ARF 5E-4, RF 1.0

18 Limitations of DOE-HDBK-3010 Best estimates by experts using data available at the time Provides a general basis for decision making Limited range of some values Median and average values included only for perspective on potential conservatism Not meant to be used for “pencil sharpening” of ARF/RF to meet safety basis

19 Use of DOE-HDBK-3010 at WTP Provides basis for many of the ARF x RF values used in PDSA However, 3010 is not directly applicable in all accident scenarios (e.g. non-Newtonian waste) Several DNFSB questions have driven additional testing applicable to WTP waste: i.Spray leaks ii.Sparger entrainment

20 Conclusions DOE-HDBK-3010 is a good starting point for any accident analysis 3010 is an excellent source of DOE recognized methodology and ARF/RF values Be aware of limitations and applicability of data Not the final authority, not “safe harbor” Available on internet (

21 Questions?