Seminar on Examination Awareness PROFESSIONAL REGULATORY BOARD OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING By: Engr. Joel B. Bajador, PECE, MBA

Why do we conduct seminar on Board Exam Awareness? Assist Students and would-be takers of Board examinations in knowing and understanding, the PRC procedures and processes undertaken to preserve the Integrity of the Licensure Examinations administered by them To inform students, faculty members and would-be takers of board examinations, how questions given in the examinations are formulated.

Why do we conduct seminar on Board Exam Awareness? To inform students, would-be takers and repeaters, suggested methods or techniques to be done to prevent them from committing mistakes that would render their answers to board questions, invalid. To let them know some DO’s and DON’Ts in taking the board examination

PRC Procedures and Processes To Ensure the Integrity of the Licensure Examination Preparation of Questions a. How many? Initially 500 , then at least 300 per examination to be added or merge to past questions. b. What are the types of questions made? Multiple Choice .

Preparation of Questions c. Sources of questions Textbooks, reference materials, technical standards adopted nationally and internationally (such as IEEE, ISO, IEC, ITU-T etc.), other technical publications from suppliers, vendors of electronic components, devices and equipments, and from the Internet.

Preparation of Questions d. Basis of formulated questions 1) Table of Specifications (TOS) It is a competency-based description/ specifications of questions that will test for the competency of examinees

Preparation of Questions d. Basis of formulated questions 2) Subjects and Syllabi -Mathematics – 20 % -Electronics Engineering – 30% -General Engineering and Applied Sciences – 20% -Electronics Systems and Technologies – 30%

Preparation of Questions d. Basis of formulated questions 2) Subjects and Syllabi ECE SYLLABI

I. MATHEMATICS (20%) 1. Algebra & General Mathematics Algebraic functions Theory of equations Factorization and algebraic functions Ratio, proportion and variation Matrix theory Arithmetic and geometric progressions Equations and inequalities Linear and quadratic equations Complex number system Polynomials Mathematical induction Logic and probability Statistics 9

I. MATHEMATICS (20%) 2. Geometry Lines and planes Plane figures Application of Cavalier’s, Pappus and Prismodial theorems Coordinates in space Quadratic surfaces Mensuration Plane geometry Solid geometry Spherical geometry Analytical geometry 10

I. MATHEMATICS (20%) 3. Trigonometry Logarithmic principles Trigonometric functions Fundamental trigonometric identities Solutions of right and oblique triangles Applications of terrestrial mensuration Area, perimeter and centroid of plane figures Polar coordinates Spherical trigonometry 11

I. MATHEMATICS (20%) 4. Calculus Complex variables Derivatives and applications Integration and applications Transcendental functions Partial derivatives Higher derivatives Indeterminate forms Multiple integrals Differential equations 12

I. MATHEMATICS (20%) 5. Mathematics Laws, Terms and Theories Laws, theories and other rules relative to the fields of mathematics 13

II. GENERAL ENGINEERING & APPLIED SCIENCES (20%) 1. Engineering Mechanics Statics Kinetics Kinematics 2. Strength of Materials Stress Strain Torsion Elasticity 14

II. GENERAL ENGINEERING & APPLIED SCIENCES (20%) 3. Engineering Materials Properties of Engineering Materials 4. College Physics, General Chemistry, Thermodynamics Matter, Change, Energy Structure of Matter Forces and Motion Heat Sound Light Magnetism Electricity 15

II. GENERAL ENGINEERING & APPLIED SCIENCES (20%) 5. Engineering Economics and Management Simple and Compound Interest Annuity, Depreciation, Commercial Papers Break-Even Analysis Management Concepts and Principles 16

II. GENERAL ENGINEERING & APPLIED SCIENCES (20%) 6. Laws and Ethics Contracts and Specifications Telecommunications and broadcasting laws and regulations Electronics engineering law of 2004 Code of professional ethics and conduct Philippine electronics code Code of Technical Standards and Practice (Manual of Practice) 17

III. ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (30%) 1. Electricity/ Magnetism Fundamentals Atomic structure Electric charge Laws (Ohms, Kirchoff, Coulomb, etc) Magnetic power Magnetic field/flux Magnetic/electric quantities/units Magnetic/electromagnet principles 18

III. ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (30%) 2. Electrical Circuit Ac-dc circuits Resistors Inductors Capacitor 19

III. ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (30%) 3. Solid State Devices/Circuits Semi-conductor fundamentals Transistor components, circuits, analysis, and design Special services (photo, electric, photo voltaic etc.) 20

III. ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (30%) 4. Power Generator/ Sources/ Principles/ Applications Cells and batteries Electric generator Electronic power supply Voltage regulation Photovoltaic/thermoelectric generator Distribution transformers UPS/float-battery system Converters/inverters 21

III. ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (30%) 5. Electronic (Audio/RF) Circuit/ Analysis/Design Cells and batteries Amplifiers Oscillators Rectifier Filters Voltage regulation 22

III. ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (30%) 6. Tests and Measurements Volt-ohm-ammeter (analog/digital) R-L-Z bridges Oscilloscope Cable testers RF meters Signal generators (audio, RF, video) Noise generators Power/reflectometer/grid dip meter 23

III. ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (30%) 7. Microelectronics Integrated circuits components, characteristics and products Operational amplifiers/multivibrators 24

III. ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (30%) 8. Industrial Electronics Principles/ Applications Electronic control system Industrial solid state services Welding systems/high frequency heating Feedback systems/servomechanism Transducers Motor speed control systems Robotic principles Bioelectrical principles Instrumentation and control 25

III. ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (30%) 9. Computer Principles Analog/digital systems Binary number system/Boolean algebra Mathematical logic and switching networks Basic digital circuits (logic, gates, flip-flops, multivibrators etc.) Static and dynamic memory devices Programming and machine languages Information and acquisition processing Analog/digital conversion Computer networking 26

IV. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 1. Radio Communication System a. Transmission Fundamentals Transmission system Transmission medium Primary line constants Velocity and line wavelength Characteristic Impedance Propagation constants Phase and group velocity Standing waves Voltage Standing Wave Ratio 27

IV. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 1. Radio Communication System a. Transmission Fundamentals Telephone lines and cables Wave guides Balanced and unbalanced lines Uniformly distributed lines Twisted pair wire Coaxial Cable The Decibel Power level Calculations Signal and Noise Fundamentals 28

IV. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 1. Radio Communication System b. Acoustics Definition Frequency range Sound pressure level Sound Intensity Loudness Level Pitch and Frequency Interval and Octave Sound distortion Room Acoustics Electro-Acoustic Transducers 29

IV. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 1. Radio Communication System c. Modulation Amplitude modulation Phase modulation Frequency modulation Pulse modulation 30

IV. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 1. Radio Communication System d. Noise External noise Internal noise Noise calculation and measurements Radio interference 31

IV. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 1. Radio Communication System e. Radiation and Wave Propagation Electro Magnetic Radiation Radio Spectrum Wave Propagation Radiation Patterns Wavelength calculations Radiation resistance Diversity systems 32

IV. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 1. Radio Communication System f. Antennas Basic considerations Wire Radiators in Space Isotropic Radiator Current and Voltage Distribution Resonant, non-resonant antennas Terms and definition Antenna gain and resistance Bandwidth, beamwidth, polarization Effects of ground on antennas Grounded, ungrounded antennas 33

IV. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 1. Radio Communication System f. Antennas Grounding systems Antenna height Design and applications Matching systems Impedance Calculations Antenna types Directional and non-directional Microwave Antennas Wideband and Special Purpose Antennas 34

IV. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 1. Radio Communication System g. Wire and Wireless Communications System The telephone set Connection and performance Exchange Area Plant Loop Design Trunks in the Exchange Plant Insertion Loss Traffic Calculations 35

IV. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 1. Radio Communication System g. Wire and Wireless Communications System Reference Equivalent and Standards Telephone networks Signaling, Billing, CAMA, ANI Echo, Singing and Design Loss Via Net Loss Network Hierarchy, Class Type VF Repeaters 36

IV. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 1. Radio Communication System g. Wire and Wireless Communications System Transmission Considerations in Long Distance Network Telephone Exchanges PSTN, PABX, Line Concentration Telephone features-IDD, NDD,LEC Mobile Communications Cellular communication, trunk radio, radio paging system etc. 37

IV. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 1. Radio Communication System h. Microwave Communications and Principles i. Basic Principles of various electronics systems Electro-optics, photonics/optoelectronics Electromagnetics Avionics, aerospace/ navigational and military operations Medical Electronics Cybernetics Biometrics 38

IV. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 2. Digital and Data Communications Systems a. Digital Communication Networks Bit and Binary Transmission Signaling Rate Error Probability Digital Filtering Switching Packet Circuit Vertical Circuit Open Systems Interconnection 39

IV. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 2. Digital and Data Communications Systems a. Digital Communication Networks Multiplexing, Modulation and Synchronization Pulse Code modulation Companding Encoding Bandwidth and Signal to Noise Ratio Delta Modulation Slope Overload 40

IV. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 2. Digital and Data Communications Systems a. Digital Communication Networks Adaptive Delta Modulation Codes and Protocols Error Detection and Correction Codes Digital Carrier Systems Frequency Shift Keying Phase Shift Keying Differential Phase Shift Keying DC Nature of Data Transmission Loops 41

IV. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 2. Digital and Data Communications Systems a. Digital Communication Networks Neutral and Polar Binary Transmission and the Concept of Time Asynchronous and Synchronous Timing Distortion Bits, Band, WPM Data Interface Standards 42

IV. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 2. Digital and Data Communications Systems a. Digital Communication Networks Data Input/Output Devices Digital Transmission on Analog Channel Modulation-Demodulation Schemes Parameters Circuit Conditioning Modem Applications Serial and Parallel Transmission 43

IV. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 2. Digital and Data Communications Systems b. Fiber Optics Principles of Light, Transmission Types Light Sources, Laser, LED Light Detectors Modulation and Waveform 44

IV. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 2. Digital and Data Communications Systems b. Fiber Optics System Design General Application Design Procedure Dispersion Limited Domain System Bandwidth Splicing Techniques 45

IV. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 3. Satellite , Broadcasting and Cable TV Systems a. Satellite System The Satellite System Types of Satellite Satellite Orbit Uplink Considerations Demand Assignment Multiple Access Antenna Tracking 46

IV. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 3. Satellite , Broadcasting and Cable TV Systems a. Satellite System Satellite Link Budgets Path Loss Figure of Merit Ratio of Carrier to Thermal Noise Power Station Margin VSAT 47

IV. ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 3. Satellite , Broadcasting and Cable TV Systems b. Broadcasting and Cable TV systems Radio Transmitter (AM, FM, Television ) Studio (Microphone, Amplifiers, Cameras, Lighting, etc.) Cable Television 48

ENCODING OF TEST QUESTIONS Using Diskettes, questions are encoded with PRC prepared questions and answers (Multiple Choice) format. Encoding maybe done by the Board Members themselves or they may bring it to PRC to be encoded by Encoders of the Commission.

ENTRY OF ENCODED QUESTIONS TO PRC DATA BANK / MACHINE All encoded questions are entered into the PRC data bank machine. Additional questions are merged with the remaining questions in the Board Member’s data bank.

EXTRACTION OF QUESTIONS TO BE GIVEN IN THE BOARD EXAM 100 questions are extracted from the Data Bank of the Board Member (BM),(except Math., only 50 questions are given), 2 or 3 days before the start of the Board Exam. PRC Data Bank Machine selects from the prepared Matrix of the BM , specifying how many Easy, Moderate and Difficult questions will be extracted from among the topics in his/her data bank.

EXTRACTION OF QUESTIONS TO BE GIVEN IN THE BOARD EXAM As a Security Measure, the password of the Commissioner is placed in the Diskette and the downloaded questions are in an encrypted form, readable only by PRC Machine.

QUESTIONS IN THE DISKETTES ARE SENT TO TEST SITES Diskette Custodians are sent to PRC Regional Offices where exams will be conducted or at test sites. For Manila exam, the PRBs stay in PRC Main Office.

QUESTIONS IN THE DISKETTES ARE SENT TO TEST SITES The night before the scheduled exam date, the diskette custodian, the PRC personnel who will sort, copy and prepare the reproduced test questions for delivery to different test sites, (arranged per classroom), will go to the CONDIDENTIAL ROOM or CONFI ROOM. They are joined by NBI and PNP representative and outside the door of the CONFI ROOM, PRC security guard and a PNP personnel stand on guard.

QUESTIONS IN THE DISKETTES ARE SENT TO TEST SITES The CONFI RM, is an air-conditioned room located at the Main and Regional Offices of PRC. It is a room with no windows, with one door, with kitchen, toilet and bedroom for the PRB members. It contains also working tables, papers, office supplies, computer, and printing and duplicating equipment. No means of communicating from inside the room to outside is allowed, but a there is a telephone located near the security guard outside the door.

QUESTIONS REPRODUCED INSIDE THE CONFI ROOM At about 8 pm, on the night before the start of exam, the diskettes are given to the NBI representative for inspection, to see if the seal is intact. Then, he signs the slip and hands over the diskette to the computer operator. The operator, together with the diskette custodian, go to the security guard outside the room and calls the office of the PRC Commissioner to get the PASSWORD of the Commissioner. Afterwards, they go back to the CONFI RM and download the test questions to be given the next day.

QUESTIONS REPRODUCED INSIDE THE CONFI ROOM After the test questions are reproduced, the Board Member in charge of the subject examines the printed questions and makes corrections if necessary. Then the Board Member calls all test sites to make the corrections. Only after the Board Member has called all test sites will the reproduction of all test questions start.

QUESTIONS REPRODUCED INSIDE THE CONFI ROOM If the exam is for two days, then the preparation of the questions for the 2nd day will be done the night before the next day. The same procedure will be followed. Nobody is allowed to leave the room, and no things will be allowed to be brought outside the room. Everybody will be allowed to leave the room only after 6 pm the next day.

ACTUAL EXAMINATION CONDUCTED Test questions are distributed to examinees, together with the Computer-Formatted ID Sheet and Answer Sheets. One Answer sheet per subject. Instructions are given and examination conducted. The ID sheets are collected and the complete set of questions together with the corresponding Answer Sheet is collected.

CORRECTION OF PAPERS The collected questions are shredded on the test site, immediately after the examination. The answer sheets are placed in sealed envelopes and packed, to be brought back to PRC main office to be corrected the next working day upon receipt by the Rating Division. The answer sheets are first fed to the OMI reader. There are several OMI machines, that for about 3or 5 thousand sheets can be read in about 2 or 3 hours.

CORRECTION OF PAPERS The next day, the BM submits the Computerized Answer Key, which is fed into the Machine, for consolidation with the answers read previously. Statistics are generated by the Machine, that prints out the Item by Item answers, with the corresponding percentage. The BM takes note of the statistic generated and conducts Item Analysis. Then the passing rate is determined from Mean Scores. This is done in all subjects, and finally, the passing rating per subject is determined. The correction of papers are watched by a representative from the NBI and is done solely at the Rating Division’s room.

CORRECTION OF PAPERS Ratings - To pass the licensure examination, a candidate for ECE or ECT must obtain a passing rating of seventy percent (70%) in each of the four general subjects given during the examination. A candidate who obtains a passing rating in the three subjects, but obtains a rating in one subject below 70%, but not lower than 60%, shall be allowed to take one removal examination on the subject where he/she failed to obtain the passing rating.

RELEASE OF BOARD EXAMINATION RESULT On the third day, the ID Sheets are read by the OMI reader and merged with the result read from the previous day. Now, the scores and the name of the examinees are printed alphabetically. The machine also generates the list of the top 20 and all passers, and the School performance sheet. As soon as one of the Commissioners of PRC approves the result, the Official Ratings of all examinees are released. Typically, 2 to 3 days after start of correction, the result is released.

DO’S AND DON’T’S IN TAKING THE BOARD EXAMINATION

PREPARATION Do take the Board exam FULLY PREPARED Do brush-up on your MATHEMATICS, SCIENCES AND ENGLISH Do conduct review – especially on subjects included in board exam. The subjects are : Mathematics, Electronics Engineering, General Engineering and Applied Sciences

SELF-REVIEW Do refer to the SYLLABI for each subject given in Board Exams. It is found in the IRR of RA 9292. or the Electronics Engineering Law of 2004. Do look for your old notes, lectures, textbooks and other reference materials in your possession or Do visit libraries

SELF-REVIEW Do refer to past board questions to have an idea of how questions are formulated, but do not memorize the questions and answers, as the possibility that the same questions will be given is very remote.

ENROL IN REVIEW CENTERS – DO SELECT THE BEST Do ask the following questions: Who are the lecturers or who conducts the review classes? Do they have good facilities? What about their track record, for the past years, what was their percentage of passing ?

ENROL IN REVIEW CENTERS – DO SELECT THE BEST Do ask the opinions of other students who had experience with review centers Do ask the opinions of your mentors or professors Do visit the office or the review center premise

WHEN REVIEWING Do study the Subjects seriously. Read and understand the principle, concepts and solve the problems given in the reference materials. Do concentrate in your review and avoid distractions.

FILING OF APPLICATION FOR EXAMINATION AT PRC Do secure the form and all documentations and requirements from PRC. Do fill up the forms correctly and attach all necessary documents. Do pay the necessary fees at PRC

GETTING THE NOTICE OF ADMISSION Do secure the Notice of Admission after payment of fees. Do get the Instruction to Examinees and other guidelines from PRC. This instruction includes among others, the dress-code, type/model of allowable Calculators, ball-pens, pencil etc.

GETTING THE SCHOOL, BUILDING AND ROOM ASSIGNMENT Do get your school/college/university building and room assignment from PRC or if available, from the Web-site of PRC. This is available at PRC 2 or 3 days before the exam scheduled date.

GETTING THE SCHOOL, BUILDING AND ROOM ASSIGNMENT Do look for your school, building and room assignment immediately, as it is oftentimes difficult to locate the room, especially if you are not familiar with the school.

GETTING THE SCHOOL, BUILDING AND ROOM ASSIGNMENT Do get the scheduled date of each Subject, so you will know which will be given on what date

GETTING THE SCHOOL, BUILDING AND ROOM ASSIGNMENT DO GET ENOUGH SLEEP, ONE WEEK OR MORE TIME BEFORE YOU TAKE YOUR EXAM. YOU SHOULD HAVE AT LEAST 7 HOURS OF SLEEP NIGHTLY.

ON THE DAY OF THE EXAMINATION Do wake up early, eat a light breakfast, and be sure that you leave your house early enough to reach your ROOM at least 30 minutes before 6:30 o’clock AM.

ON THE DAY OF THE EXAMINATION Do check for the things you are supposed to bring in the exam room, such as Notice of Admission, School ID, calculators, ball pens, pencils etc. Do report to your room assignment.

DURING THE ACTUAL TAKING OF THE BOARD EXAM Do listen to the instructions given by the PROCTORS/WATCHERS. Do follow the instructions carefully. Do asks questions if you need further clarifications, to the proctors/watchers.

DURING THE ACTUAL TAKING OF THE BOARD EXAM Do check the exam papers handed to you. See if the Questionnaires, the Answer Sheets, the ID sheets are complete. Do read the instructions carefully, and answer them diligently.

DURING THE ACTUAL TAKING OF THE BOARD EXAM Do answer all questions. Do submit all exam papers – complete question sheets, answer sheets and scratch papers.

DON’T’S IN TAKING THE BOARD EXAMINATION DO NOT TAKE THE BOARD EXAM UNPREPARED DO NOT TAKE FOR GRANTED, YOUR REVIEW (whether it is self-review or thru Review Centers).

DON’T’S IN TAKING THE BOARD EXAMINATION DO NOT MIX YOUR REVIEW STUDIES WITH DISTRACTIONS SUCH AS: 1) Gimmicking 2) Texting, courting using cellphone 3) Quarreling with girl/boy friends 4) Going to social fuctions/ activities, movies, Ballgames 5) Playing video games, browsing, chatting in the Internet

DON’T’S IN TAKING THE BOARD EXAMINATION DO NOT RELY ON LEAKAGE SUPPOSEDLY COMING FROM REVIEW CENTERS, WHICH IS WHY SOME STUDENTS ENROL IN REVIEW CENTERS.

FILING OF APPLICATION FOR EXAMINATION AT PRC DO NOT WRITE FALSE INFORMATION IN THE APPLICATION FORMS DO NOT ATTACH FRAUDULENT DOCUMENTS

ON THE DAY OF THE EXAMINATION DO NOT FORGET THE DATE AND TIME OF THE EXAM DO NOT FORGET TO WAKE UP EARLY DO NOT FORGET TO EAT A LIGHT BREAKFAST DO NOT FORGET TO BRING THE THINGS YOU ARE SUPPOSED TO BRING WITH YOU IN THE EXAM SITE

ON THE DAY OF THE EXAMINATION DO NOT FORGET YOUR BUILDING AND ROOM ASSIGNMENT DO NOT BE LATE. REMEMBER ONLY 30 MINUTES TARDINESS IS ALLOWED. DO NOT DISOBEY INSTRUCTIONS DO NOT CHEAT/COPY FROM OTHERS DO NOT TAKE OUT EXAM QUESTIONS.

ON THE DAY OF THE EXAMINATION DO NOT FORGET TO PRAY

Board of Electronics Engineering END OF PRESENTATION THANK YOU Engr. Joel B. Bajador Member Board of Electronics Engineering July 9, 2011 SCHEDULE OF EXAMS: OCTOBER 29 & 30, 2011