NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC Mark S. Mehos CSP Program Manager National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, CO Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Overview

Outline Technology Overview U.S. and International Market Overview DOE Research and Development National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

CSP, aka Solar Thermal Power Parabolic trough Linear Fresnel Power tower Dish/Stirling

Parabolic Trough National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Value of Dispatchable Power? Storage provides –higher value because power production can match utility needs –lower energy costs if storage is less expensive than incremental turbine costs Solar Resource Hourly Load Generation w/ Thermal Storage Meets Utility Peak Power Demands

Parabolic Trough Plant National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

288°C 565°C Condenser Molten Salt Power Tower Ability to store hot salt allows molten salt Towers to run at high capacity factors. Heliostat Field 7

Dish/Engine National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

Parabolic Trough National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Design approaches: Oil HTF –All commercial plants to date Molten Salt HTF –Archimedes (pilot) –Abengoa (R&D) –Solar Millennium (R&D) Direct Steam HTF Abengoa (R&D)

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Power Tower (Central Receiver) Design approaches: Direct Steam HTF –Abengoa PS10/PS20 –BrightSource (pilot) –eSolar (pilot) Molten Salt HTF –Solar One (pilot) –Gemasolar (under construction) –SolarReserve Air HTF Jülich (pilot)

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Dish/Engine & Concentrating PV Modular (3-25kW) High solar-to-electric efficiency Capacity factors limited to 25% due to lack of storage capability Dish/Stirling: Pre-commercial, pilot-scale deployments Concentrating PV: Commercial and pre- commercial pilot-scale deployments

Technology Comparison TroughPower Tower Dish / Engine PV Typical Operating Temp390C565C800Cn/a Utility scale (>50 MW)xxxx Distributed (<10MW)xx Energy Storagexx Water use for cleaningxxxx Water use for coolingpreferred Land Use (acre/MW)* Land Slope<3%<5% Technical maturitymediumlow low to high National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future * Dependent on location and if storage included, values shown based on plants or announced projects

Technology Overview U.S. and International Market Overview DOE Research and Development National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

CSP Market Goals –Competitive in southwest intermediate load power markets ($0.12/kWh nominal LCOE) by 2017 –Expand access to include carbon constrained baseload power markets ($0.10/kWh nominal LCOE) by 2020

Utility CSP: LCOE Targets, DOE analysis With the 30% ITC, CSP is below the CA MPR under all conditions and competitive with high wholesale electricity rates under the best financing conditions With the 10% ITC, CSP is equal to the CA MPR under almost all conditions 2030 With the 10% ITC, CSP is broadly competitive with wholesale electricity rates under all conditions * Assumes IOU or IPP ownership of CSP, and thus the LCOE includes the taxes paid on electricity generated. Includes 5-year MACRS but not state or local incentives. The range in utility CSP LCOE is due to different technologies, capacity factors and financing conditions. For a complete list of assumptions, see DOE Solar Cost Targets (2009 – 2030), in process. ‡ The electricity rate range represents one standard deviation below and above the mean U.S. wholesale electricity prices. § The 2009 CA MPR includes adjustments by utility for the time of delivery profile of solar (low case: SDG&E, mid case: PG&E, high case: SCE).

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future U.S. Southwest GIS Screening Analysis for CSP Generation Initial solar resource and GIS screening analysis used to identify regions most economically favorable to construction of large- scale CSP systems GIS analysis used in conjunction with transmission and market analysis to identify favorable regions in the southwest Screening Approach

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Solar Resource Screening Analysis Unfiltered ResourceSolar > 6.0 kwh/m 2 -day Land Exclusions Slope Exclusions

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Optimal CSP Sites – Transmission and Resource

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Analysis Products Resource CharacterizationSystems Analysis Market Analysis

Water Use National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future 20 Many power plants (including most CSP) use a Rankine steam power cycle to make electricity. Rankine power cycles require cooling to condense the steam for reuse.

CSP Water Use National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Sources: CSP: Reducing Water Consumption of CSP Electricity Generation, Report to Congress Crops: Blaney, Monthly Consumptive use of Water by Irrigated Crops & Natural Vegetation, Golf : Watson et al., The Economic Contributions of Colorado’s Golf Industry: Environmental Aspects. 21 Water Use per Land Area

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future 354 MW Luz Solar Electric Generating Systems (SEGS) Nine Plants built

64 MWe Acciona Nevada Solar One Solar Parabolic Trough Plant

50 MW AndaSol One and Two Parabolic Trough Plant w/ 7-hr Storage, Andalucía

Abengoa 50MW Trough Plants Seville, Spain

50 MW Iberdrola Energia Solar de Puertollano Puertollano (Ciudad Real)

Abengoa PS10 and PS 20, Seville, Spain

Power Tower Pilot Plants 6 MW thermal BrightSource Negev Desert, Israel 5 MWe eSolar California, USA

1MW Dish Demonstration – Phoenix, AZ

Planned 280 MW Solana Plant with 6 hrs Storage 2 x 140MW parallel turbine trains Solar multiple of approximately 2.0 (3 mi 2 solar field) Renewable Energy Artist Rendition

31 U.S. CSP Projects Under Development Source: SEIA National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future U.S. CSP Projects Under Development Source: SEIA

Discussion Technology Overview U.S. and International Market Overview DOE Research and Development National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

Technology/Market Support Activities Advanced Thermal Storage develop advanced heat transfer fluids for more efficient operation at high temperatures analyze and test innovative designs for low-cost storage options Concentrator/receiver R&D optimize receiver and concentrator designs develop next-generation collector designs create advanced evaluation capabilities Advanced CSP Concepts and Components develop, characterize, and test advanced reflector and absorber materials develop and test advanced system components and cycles CSP Market Transformation conduct market penetration analyses resource measurement and forecasting CSP benefits / impacts analyses

Thank you! For more information see: Craig Turchi Concentrating Solar Power Program National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future